Chapter 01: Health Defined: Objectives for Promotion and Prevention Edelman: Health Promotion
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Throughout the Life Span, 8th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE aw
1. Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care?
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. Clinical model aw
b. Role performance model aw aw
c. Adaptive model aw
d. Eudaimonistic model aw
ANS: A a w
The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health.
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People who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) aw aw aw REF: p. 3 aw
2. A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as
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receives acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor?
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. Clinical model aw
b. Role performance model aw aw
c. Adaptive model aw
d. Eudaimonistic model aw
ANS: D a w
The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical, social,
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psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and creating meaning
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in life. Practitioners who practice the clinical model may not be enough for someone who believes in the
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
eudaimonistic model. Those who believe in the eudaimonistic model often look for alternative providers
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of care.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 3 aw
3. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential
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and is experienced within a developmental context is known as:
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a. growth and development. aw aw
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level wellness. aw
ANS: B a w
Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s
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potential and is experienced within a developmental context.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) aw aw aw REF: p. 5 aw
4. Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness?
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a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes aw aw aw aw
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia aw aw
c. Someone with a headache aw aw aw
d. Someone with coronary artery disease aw aw aw aw
without angina ANS:
aw aw aw a w C
, Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjective
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experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described as a response
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characterized by a mismatch between a person‘s needs and the resources available to meet those needs. A
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person can have a disease without feeling ill. The other choices represent disease.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) aw aw aw REF: p. 6 aw
5. Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health?
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a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review
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b. Healthy People 2020 aw aw
c. Healthy People 2000 aw aw
d. The U.S. Surgeon General Report
aw aw aw aw
ANS: C a w
Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark documents in which
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a consortium of people representing national organizations worked with US Public Health Service
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officials to create a more global approach to health.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) aw aw aw REF: p. 6 aw
6. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
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a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles aw aw aw aw
b. Blood pressure screening aw aw
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization aw aw
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization aw aw
ANS: A a w
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific protection
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and encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this definition. Blood
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pressure screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 11
aw
7. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
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a. Self–breast examination education aw aw
b. Yearly mammograms aw
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer aw aw aw aw
d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer aw aw aw aw
ANS: B a w
Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify individuals in an
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early, detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening tool for breast cancer and
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thus is considered a method of secondary prevention.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 15
aw
8. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?
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a. Drunk driving campaign aw aw
b. Road blocks for drunk driving aw aw aw aw
c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident
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d. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with
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head trauma ANS:
aw aw aw a w D
, Physical therapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention occurs
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when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effect of disease and
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disability. The objective of tertiary prevention is to maximize remaining capacities.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 15 aw
9. In reviewing a person‘s medical claims, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate persistent
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asthma has had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids as recommended by
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the NHLBI asthma management guidelines. The nurse discusses this with the person‘s primary care
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provider. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. advocate.
b. care manager. aw
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: B a w
Care managers act to prevent duplication of service and reduce cost. Care managers base
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recommendation on reliable data sources such as evidence-based practices and protocols.
aw a w aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 15 aw
10. During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability services. The
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
nurse is acting as a(n):
aw aw aw aw aw
a. advocate.
b. care manager. aw
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: A a w
The advocacy role of the nurse helps individuals obtain what they are entitled to receive from the
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
health care system, tries to make the system more responsive to individuals‘ community needs, and
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
assists individuals in developing skills to advocate for themselves.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 15 aw
11. During a home visit, a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking with an individual. In this scenario the
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
nurse is acting as a(n):
aw aw aw aw aw
a. advocate.
b. care manager. aw
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: D a w
Health education is a primary prevention technique available to avoid major causes of disease. Teaching
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can range from a chance remark to a planned lesson.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 16 aw
12. A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
program for newly diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. advocate.
b. care manager. aw
c. consultant.
d. educator.
, ANS: C a w
Nurses with a specialized area of expertise provide education about health promotion and disease
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
prevention to individuals and groups as consultants.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 16aw
13. A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which
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of the following should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of
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the program?
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a. Assess the motivation level of the individuals
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b. Assess the knowledge level of the individualsaw aw aw aw aw aw
c. Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals aw aw aw aw aw
d. Establish multiple teaching sessions with the individuals
aw aw aw aw aw aw
ANS: B a w
Selection of the methods most likely to succeed involves the establishment of teacher-learner goals. Thus,
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the first step by the nurse should be establishment of goals.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) aw aw aw REF: p. 16 aw
14. The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the
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care of individuals is known as:
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a. health-related quality of life. aw aw aw
b. evidence-based practice. aw
c. a Healthy People 2010 goal.
aw aw aw aw
d. the ecological model of health.
aw aw aw aw
ANS: B a w
Evidence-based practice is defined as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence
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in making decisions about the care of individuals.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) aw aw aw REF: p. 16 aw
15. Which research methodology should be used to address the question, ―What is the difference in
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the infection rates between individuals who receive twice-a-day dressing changes versus once-a-day
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dressing changes?‖
aw aw
a. Evidence-based practice research aw aw
b. Qualitative research aw
c. Quantitative research aw
d. Clinical judgment research aw aw
ANS: C a w
Quantitative research studies describe situations, correlate different variables related to care, or test causal
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
relationships among variables related to care. Evidence-based practice research and clinical judgment
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
research are not research methodologies; they are used to answer clinical questions.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 16aw
16. The question, ―What is the experience of teenagers who lose a sibling to cancer?‖ can best be
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answered by using which research methodology?
aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. Evidence-based practice research aw aw
b. Qualitative research aw
c. Quantitative research aw
d. Clinical judgment aw
research ANS:
aw aw a w B
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Throughout the Life Span, 8th Edition
aw aw aw aw aw aw
MULTIPLE CHOICE aw
1. Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care?
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. Clinical model aw
b. Role performance model aw aw
c. Adaptive model aw
d. Eudaimonistic model aw
ANS: A a w
The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
People who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) aw aw aw REF: p. 3 aw
2. A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
receives acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor?
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. Clinical model aw
b. Role performance model aw aw
c. Adaptive model aw
d. Eudaimonistic model aw
ANS: D a w
The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical, social,
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and creating meaning
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
in life. Practitioners who practice the clinical model may not be enough for someone who believes in the
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
eudaimonistic model. Those who believe in the eudaimonistic model often look for alternative providers
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
of care.
aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 3 aw
3. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s potential
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
and is experienced within a developmental context is known as:
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. growth and development. aw aw
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level wellness. aw
ANS: B a w
Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person‘s
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
potential and is experienced within a developmental context.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) aw aw aw REF: p. 5 aw
4. Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness?
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes aw aw aw aw
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia aw aw
c. Someone with a headache aw aw aw
d. Someone with coronary artery disease aw aw aw aw
without angina ANS:
aw aw aw a w C
, Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjective
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described as a response
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
characterized by a mismatch between a person‘s needs and the resources available to meet those needs. A
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
person can have a disease without feeling ill. The other choices represent disease.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) aw aw aw REF: p. 6 aw
5. Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health?
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
b. Healthy People 2020 aw aw
c. Healthy People 2000 aw aw
d. The U.S. Surgeon General Report
aw aw aw aw
ANS: C a w
Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark documents in which
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a consortium of people representing national organizations worked with US Public Health Service
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
officials to create a more global approach to health.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) aw aw aw REF: p. 6 aw
6. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles aw aw aw aw
b. Blood pressure screening aw aw
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization aw aw
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization aw aw
ANS: A a w
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific protection
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
and encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this definition. Blood
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
pressure screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 11
aw
7. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. Self–breast examination education aw aw
b. Yearly mammograms aw
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer aw aw aw aw
d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer aw aw aw aw
ANS: B a w
Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify individuals in an
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
early, detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening tool for breast cancer and
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
thus is considered a method of secondary prevention.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 15
aw
8. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. Drunk driving campaign aw aw
b. Road blocks for drunk driving aw aw aw aw
c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
d. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
head trauma ANS:
aw aw aw a w D
, Physical therapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention occurs
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effect of disease and
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
disability. The objective of tertiary prevention is to maximize remaining capacities.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 15 aw
9. In reviewing a person‘s medical claims, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate persistent
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
asthma has had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids as recommended by
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
the NHLBI asthma management guidelines. The nurse discusses this with the person‘s primary care
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
provider. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. advocate.
b. care manager. aw
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: B a w
Care managers act to prevent duplication of service and reduce cost. Care managers base
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
recommendation on reliable data sources such as evidence-based practices and protocols.
aw a w aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 15 aw
10. During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability services. The
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
nurse is acting as a(n):
aw aw aw aw aw
a. advocate.
b. care manager. aw
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: A a w
The advocacy role of the nurse helps individuals obtain what they are entitled to receive from the
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
health care system, tries to make the system more responsive to individuals‘ community needs, and
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
assists individuals in developing skills to advocate for themselves.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 15 aw
11. During a home visit, a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking with an individual. In this scenario the
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
nurse is acting as a(n):
aw aw aw aw aw
a. advocate.
b. care manager. aw
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: D a w
Health education is a primary prevention technique available to avoid major causes of disease. Teaching
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
can range from a chance remark to a planned lesson.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 16 aw
12. A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
program for newly diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. advocate.
b. care manager. aw
c. consultant.
d. educator.
, ANS: C a w
Nurses with a specialized area of expertise provide education about health promotion and disease
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
prevention to individuals and groups as consultants.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 16aw
13. A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
of the following should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
the program?
aw aw
a. Assess the motivation level of the individuals
aw aw aw aw aw aw
b. Assess the knowledge level of the individualsaw aw aw aw aw aw
c. Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals aw aw aw aw aw
d. Establish multiple teaching sessions with the individuals
aw aw aw aw aw aw
ANS: B a w
Selection of the methods most likely to succeed involves the establishment of teacher-learner goals. Thus,
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
the first step by the nurse should be establishment of goals.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) aw aw aw REF: p. 16 aw
14. The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
care of individuals is known as:
aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. health-related quality of life. aw aw aw
b. evidence-based practice. aw
c. a Healthy People 2010 goal.
aw aw aw aw
d. the ecological model of health.
aw aw aw aw
ANS: B a w
Evidence-based practice is defined as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
in making decisions about the care of individuals.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) aw aw aw REF: p. 16 aw
15. Which research methodology should be used to address the question, ―What is the difference in
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
the infection rates between individuals who receive twice-a-day dressing changes versus once-a-day
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
dressing changes?‖
aw aw
a. Evidence-based practice research aw aw
b. Qualitative research aw
c. Quantitative research aw
d. Clinical judgment research aw aw
ANS: C a w
Quantitative research studies describe situations, correlate different variables related to care, or test causal
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
relationships among variables related to care. Evidence-based practice research and clinical judgment
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
research are not research methodologies; they are used to answer clinical questions.
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) aw aw aw REF: p. 16aw
16. The question, ―What is the experience of teenagers who lose a sibling to cancer?‖ can best be
aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw aw
answered by using which research methodology?
aw aw aw aw aw aw
a. Evidence-based practice research aw aw
b. Qualitative research aw
c. Quantitative research aw
d. Clinical judgment aw
research ANS:
aw aw a w B
