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Flascards - EU policy and politics

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This English flashcard bundle is the compact, structured and complete summary of the functioning, history and institutions of the European Union. It can be used perfectly as an addition to the European politics and policies course taught by Professor Pittoors. The document offers more than 200 cards with clear explanations about: the European Commission, the Council, Parliament and the Court of Justice, major treaties, crises and enlargements, core concepts such as federalism, multilevel governance, neofunctionalism, current themes such as Brexit, climate policy, migration, euro crisis and the EU's geopolitical position.

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Number of pages
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Written in
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• Revitalized European marketplace
Positive Aspects • Peace-promoting effect
of the EU •

Shift in global power balance
Redefinition of Europe




• Unemployment
• Productivity problems
• Labor market restrictions
Criticism of the EU • Aging and declining population
• Undermining of national sovereignty
• Erosion of European democracy




• 27 Member States (UK has left)
• Approx. 450 million inhabitants
EU Facts (2023) • 24 official languages
• President of the European
Commission: Ursula von der Leyen




• Eurozone: 20 Member States
EU Facts (2024) • EP members directly elected
• Switzerland is not an EU member




• Average 63% claim to understand the
Knowledge about EU
the EU • Luxembourg: 83%
• Belgium: 2/3
(Eurobarometer) • France: very low understanding level

, Why so Little • Many different institutions
• Overlapping jurisdictions
Knowledge about • Complex structure with Council,
the EU? Commission, Parliament, ECB, etc.




• Example: Switzerland, UK, Ukraine =
not in EU
Europe ≠ EU ≠ • Council of Europe = more members
than EU
Council of Europe • Not every EU member uses the euro
• Not every Schengen country is in the
EU




o An increasing amount of Europeans feel
Feeling of EU o
like being an EU-citizen along the years
Majority of people actually do consider
Citizenship themselves an EU-citizen




Is EU Membership • almost 50% feel like it’s a good thing
a Good Thing?




• Polen, Litouwen, Spanje, Ierland:
Sense of sterk verbonden met EU
Attachment • Zweden & Finland: meer verbonden
met Europa dan met EU

, • Sinds 1979: Europese verkiezingen
EU Democracy and • Noorden voelt zich gehoord, Zuiden
niet
Voting Rights • Minder dan 50% stemt in EU-
verkiezingen




• 'Als we hoop verliezen, verliezen we
Churchill (1941) – onze wil'
Speech • 'Wie de toekomst opgeeft, heeft al
verloren'




• VS (Trump/Vance) afstand van
Europa
EU Current • EU steunt Oekraïne sterker
• Duitse verkiezingen: CDU
Events: US and waarschijnlijk winnaar, opkomst AFD
Germany • EU-Groenbeleid onder druk
• Portugal = economische groeier
• OLAF actief tegen fraude




• 2e grootste economie
EU as a Global •

Grootste investeerder
Belangrijke handelspartner VS
Power • Euro = topvaluta
• Katalysator voor democratisering




• Begonnen met EGKS (1951)
• Daarna EEG
Origins of the EU • EU heeft eigen instellingen en
wetgeving

, • 1973: VK, Ierland, Denemarken
• Jaren 80: Griekenland, Spanje,
Portugal
EU Enlargements • Jaren 90: Oostenrijk, Zweden, Finland
• 2004-07: Oost-Europese landen
• 2013: Kroatië



• 1987: Single European Act (vrij
verkeer)
• 1993: Verdrag van Maastricht (euro,
burgerschap, buitenlands beleid)
EU Treaties • 1998 & 2003: Amsterdam & Nice
(institutionele hervormingen)
• 2007: Verdrag van Lissabon
(hervorming EU)




• Financiële crisis
• Schuldencrisis
EU Crises • Migratiecrisis
• Brexit




• Economisch, monetair, regionaal
beleid
EU Policy Areas • Landbouw, milieu, sociaal beleid
• Justitie, binnenlandse zaken,
buitenlands en veiligheidsbeleid




EU Policy-Making
• Veel actoren betrokken bij beleid
& International • Belangrijke partner voor VS
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