NAVLE- NORTHERN AMERICAN VETERINARY LICENSING(NAVLE) PRACTICE EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|WELL STRUCTURED|A+ GRADED|
A litter of 6 week old kittens is being evaluated because of inter-
mittent soft stools with flecks of blood. The kittens are confined in
an unsanitary cage. Two direct fecal examinations show oocysts.
Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy?
sulfadiemthoxine (Albon, for coccidiosis)
dichlorvos
fenbendazol
ivermectin
piperazine
sulfadimethoxine
On examination of the cranial nerves in a 3-year old female cat,
the right pupil appears to be larger than the left pupil. The right
pupil shows no response when light is shone into either eye. The
left pupil constricts when light is shone into either eye. Mild ventro-
lateral strabismus is noted in the right eye only. These findings are
most consistent with a lesion at which of the following locations?
right oculomotor (III) nerve
left occipital cortex
right occipita cortex
right optic (II) nerve
right oculomotor (III) nerve
right abducens (VI) nerve
A 4-year old second-lactation Holstein cow that is 150 days in milk
has been in anestrus since calving. On palpation of the rectum,
a cystic structure that is 3cm in diameter is identified on the
left ovary. Administration of which of the following is the most
appropriate initial treatment?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone followed by prostaglandin in 15
Follicle-stimulating hormone followed by gonadotropin-releasing days
hormone in 15 days
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone followed by prostaglandin in 15
days
Melengesterol acetate followed by prostaglandin in 19 days
Prostaglandin followed by melengestrol acetate in 19 days
A 10-year-old commercial beef cow has had a gradually dimin-
ished appetite and progressive weight loss over the past two
months. Feces are dry and scanty. She continues to drink water.
Physical examination shows distention of the left paralumbar fos-
sa and ventral right abdominal wall. On rectal palpation, the rumen
is full of firm ingesta and the ventral sac extends to the right of
midline (L-shaped). Which of the following is the most appropriate
Salvage to slaughter
next step?
Administration of bisthmuth subsalicylate with sucrose
Administraiton of magnesium hydroxide
Exploratory laparotomy
Salvage to slaughter
Surgical creation of a rumen fistual
Fifteen percent to 20% of feedlot heifers that recently arrived from
several auction markets are anorectic. Physical examination of the
heifers shows serous nasal and ocular discharge, short explosive
cough, and hyperemia of nasal mucosa. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Atypical interstitial pneumonia
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Mucosal disease
Pasturellosis
Mycoplasmosis
A group of 1000 5-week-old pigs has experienced a 2% death loss
since weaning two weeks ago. most of the deaths were sudden;
,NAVLE- NORTHERN AMERICAN VETERINARY LICENSING(NAVLE) PRACTICE EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|WELL STRUCTURED|A+ GRADED|
however, approximately 3% of the pigs showed clinical signs of
lethargy, lameness, and labored breathing before dying. Post-
mortem examination of an affected pig shows severe fibrinous
pleuritis, pericarditis, and peritonitis. Which of the following is the
most likely causal organism?
Haemophilus parasuis
Arcanobacterium suis
Escheria coli
Haemophilus parasuis
Salmonella cholerasuis
Streptococcus suis
A 9-week-old Rottweiler-mix puppy is beign evaluated because of
an itchy rash around the lips and eyelids. Temperature is 103.3*F.
Physical examination shows swellign of the muzzle, pruritic, ex-
udative pustiles around the lips and eyelids, and swelling of the
submandibular lymph nodes bilaterally. Which of the following is
the most appropriate treatment?
Cephalexin and prednisone
Cephalexin and prednisone
Clindamycin and carprofen
Enrofloxcin and etodolac
Topical amitraz
Topical betamethasone
A 5-year old Simmental cow who is used as a donor for embryo
transfer is evaluated because of the acute onset of anorexia and
lethargy. She has been flushed six times; the most recent flushing
occured 10 days ago. Rectal temperature is 104*F . During PE, the
cow is reluctant to move and periodically kicks at her abdomen.
On rectal palpation, the left kidney is grossly enlarged and has a
smooth texture. When stimulated to urinate, the urine is grossly
hematuric; numerous blood clots and fibrin are present. Which of Administration of procaine penicillin G intramuscularly
the following is the most appropriate treatment?
Administration of gentamicin intravenously
Administration of procaine penicillin G intramuscularly
Long-term catheterization of the bladder
Surgical removal of the enlarged kidney
No treatment is indicated
In a mare, a 30-day pregnancy is most likely to be detected on
rectal examination by which of the following?
Absence of ovarian follicles
Palpation of the chorionic vesicle Palpation of the chorionic vesicle
Palpation of the corpus luteum
Palpation of the fetus
Slipping the fetal membranes
a 12-year old male budgerigar is evaluated because of a two-week
history of progressive difficulty gripping with the right foot. The
client reports that during the past three days, the bird has stopped
using the foot entirely but he still flies around the house daily. On
physical examination, mild coelomic distention is palpated. The
bird is standing on his perch using the left leg only. All toes of
the right food are pointing downward with no gripping capability.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of the paralysis? Renal neoplasm
Chronic heavy metal toxicity
Previous trauma
Renal neoplasm
Right-sided intervertebral disk disease
Severe arthritis
, NAVLE- NORTHERN AMERICAN VETERINARY LICENSING(NAVLE) PRACTICE EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|WELL STRUCTURED|A+ GRADED|
A 6-year-old male Cocker Spaniel dog has recurrent otitis externa.
Microscopic examination of a smear of purulent discharge from
the ear shows large numbers of rod-shaped bacteria. Which of the
following is the most likely causative organism?
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
Escheria coli
Klebsiella spp
Pasturella multocida
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus intermedius
In cases of pyothorax in the cat, which of the following microor-
ganisms are most frequently cultured from pleural fluid?
Chlamydiae
Obligate anaerobes
Mycoplasmas
Obligate anaerobes
Spirochetes
Yeasts
A 12-year old spayed female Persian cat is evaluated because of a
one-week history of anorexia, vomiting, polyuria, and polydipsia.
BCS is 3/9. PE shows lethargy and enlarged, irregular kidneys
bilaterally. Serum study shows: BUN 32.18 (N 10-30) Creat 2.54
(N 0.5-2) Gluc 110 (N 65-120) Which of the following is the most
likely cause of these findings?
Polycistic kidney disease
Bacterial cystitis
Chronic interstitial nephritis
Diabetes mellitus
Polycistic kidney disease
Transitional cell carcinoma
Approximately 10% of the piglet litters in the farrowing rooms of
a swine farm have mild, watery-to-pasty diarrhea. The manager
of the farm reports that this diarrhea occurs sporadically in litters
as early as two to three days of age and is most prevalent in gilt
litters. Mortality resulting from this diarrhea is low, but dehydration
and poor growth rate lead to lower weaning weights. Treatment
with gentamicin has been ineffective, so the manager does not
treat the piglets for the diarrhea. Which of the following is the most Rotavirus
likely causal agent?
Circovirus
Parvovirus
Porcine enterovirus
Rotavirus
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus
A 7-year old castrated male Thoroughbred horse has a
three-week history of intermittent cough associated with eating,
unilateral (left-sided) Horner's syndrome, and intermittent bilater-
al, green-tinged nasal discharge. Two days ago, the horse bled
profusely from the left nostril. Which of the following is the most
likely source of the hemorrhage?
Internal carotid artery
Ethmoid hematoma
Internal carotid artery
Maxillary sinus mucosa
Maxillary vein
Nasal turbinates
A 17-year-old castrated male American Quarter Horse was paw-
ing and making repeated attempts to roll when the owner entered
the barn this morning. Its weight is 1103 lbs (500kg), tempera-
ture is 99.9*F, heart rate is 68 beats/min, and respiratory rate is
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|WELL STRUCTURED|A+ GRADED|
A litter of 6 week old kittens is being evaluated because of inter-
mittent soft stools with flecks of blood. The kittens are confined in
an unsanitary cage. Two direct fecal examinations show oocysts.
Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy?
sulfadiemthoxine (Albon, for coccidiosis)
dichlorvos
fenbendazol
ivermectin
piperazine
sulfadimethoxine
On examination of the cranial nerves in a 3-year old female cat,
the right pupil appears to be larger than the left pupil. The right
pupil shows no response when light is shone into either eye. The
left pupil constricts when light is shone into either eye. Mild ventro-
lateral strabismus is noted in the right eye only. These findings are
most consistent with a lesion at which of the following locations?
right oculomotor (III) nerve
left occipital cortex
right occipita cortex
right optic (II) nerve
right oculomotor (III) nerve
right abducens (VI) nerve
A 4-year old second-lactation Holstein cow that is 150 days in milk
has been in anestrus since calving. On palpation of the rectum,
a cystic structure that is 3cm in diameter is identified on the
left ovary. Administration of which of the following is the most
appropriate initial treatment?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone followed by prostaglandin in 15
Follicle-stimulating hormone followed by gonadotropin-releasing days
hormone in 15 days
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone followed by prostaglandin in 15
days
Melengesterol acetate followed by prostaglandin in 19 days
Prostaglandin followed by melengestrol acetate in 19 days
A 10-year-old commercial beef cow has had a gradually dimin-
ished appetite and progressive weight loss over the past two
months. Feces are dry and scanty. She continues to drink water.
Physical examination shows distention of the left paralumbar fos-
sa and ventral right abdominal wall. On rectal palpation, the rumen
is full of firm ingesta and the ventral sac extends to the right of
midline (L-shaped). Which of the following is the most appropriate
Salvage to slaughter
next step?
Administration of bisthmuth subsalicylate with sucrose
Administraiton of magnesium hydroxide
Exploratory laparotomy
Salvage to slaughter
Surgical creation of a rumen fistual
Fifteen percent to 20% of feedlot heifers that recently arrived from
several auction markets are anorectic. Physical examination of the
heifers shows serous nasal and ocular discharge, short explosive
cough, and hyperemia of nasal mucosa. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Atypical interstitial pneumonia
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Mucosal disease
Pasturellosis
Mycoplasmosis
A group of 1000 5-week-old pigs has experienced a 2% death loss
since weaning two weeks ago. most of the deaths were sudden;
,NAVLE- NORTHERN AMERICAN VETERINARY LICENSING(NAVLE) PRACTICE EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|WELL STRUCTURED|A+ GRADED|
however, approximately 3% of the pigs showed clinical signs of
lethargy, lameness, and labored breathing before dying. Post-
mortem examination of an affected pig shows severe fibrinous
pleuritis, pericarditis, and peritonitis. Which of the following is the
most likely causal organism?
Haemophilus parasuis
Arcanobacterium suis
Escheria coli
Haemophilus parasuis
Salmonella cholerasuis
Streptococcus suis
A 9-week-old Rottweiler-mix puppy is beign evaluated because of
an itchy rash around the lips and eyelids. Temperature is 103.3*F.
Physical examination shows swellign of the muzzle, pruritic, ex-
udative pustiles around the lips and eyelids, and swelling of the
submandibular lymph nodes bilaterally. Which of the following is
the most appropriate treatment?
Cephalexin and prednisone
Cephalexin and prednisone
Clindamycin and carprofen
Enrofloxcin and etodolac
Topical amitraz
Topical betamethasone
A 5-year old Simmental cow who is used as a donor for embryo
transfer is evaluated because of the acute onset of anorexia and
lethargy. She has been flushed six times; the most recent flushing
occured 10 days ago. Rectal temperature is 104*F . During PE, the
cow is reluctant to move and periodically kicks at her abdomen.
On rectal palpation, the left kidney is grossly enlarged and has a
smooth texture. When stimulated to urinate, the urine is grossly
hematuric; numerous blood clots and fibrin are present. Which of Administration of procaine penicillin G intramuscularly
the following is the most appropriate treatment?
Administration of gentamicin intravenously
Administration of procaine penicillin G intramuscularly
Long-term catheterization of the bladder
Surgical removal of the enlarged kidney
No treatment is indicated
In a mare, a 30-day pregnancy is most likely to be detected on
rectal examination by which of the following?
Absence of ovarian follicles
Palpation of the chorionic vesicle Palpation of the chorionic vesicle
Palpation of the corpus luteum
Palpation of the fetus
Slipping the fetal membranes
a 12-year old male budgerigar is evaluated because of a two-week
history of progressive difficulty gripping with the right foot. The
client reports that during the past three days, the bird has stopped
using the foot entirely but he still flies around the house daily. On
physical examination, mild coelomic distention is palpated. The
bird is standing on his perch using the left leg only. All toes of
the right food are pointing downward with no gripping capability.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of the paralysis? Renal neoplasm
Chronic heavy metal toxicity
Previous trauma
Renal neoplasm
Right-sided intervertebral disk disease
Severe arthritis
, NAVLE- NORTHERN AMERICAN VETERINARY LICENSING(NAVLE) PRACTICE EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|WELL STRUCTURED|A+ GRADED|
A 6-year-old male Cocker Spaniel dog has recurrent otitis externa.
Microscopic examination of a smear of purulent discharge from
the ear shows large numbers of rod-shaped bacteria. Which of the
following is the most likely causative organism?
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
Escheria coli
Klebsiella spp
Pasturella multocida
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus intermedius
In cases of pyothorax in the cat, which of the following microor-
ganisms are most frequently cultured from pleural fluid?
Chlamydiae
Obligate anaerobes
Mycoplasmas
Obligate anaerobes
Spirochetes
Yeasts
A 12-year old spayed female Persian cat is evaluated because of a
one-week history of anorexia, vomiting, polyuria, and polydipsia.
BCS is 3/9. PE shows lethargy and enlarged, irregular kidneys
bilaterally. Serum study shows: BUN 32.18 (N 10-30) Creat 2.54
(N 0.5-2) Gluc 110 (N 65-120) Which of the following is the most
likely cause of these findings?
Polycistic kidney disease
Bacterial cystitis
Chronic interstitial nephritis
Diabetes mellitus
Polycistic kidney disease
Transitional cell carcinoma
Approximately 10% of the piglet litters in the farrowing rooms of
a swine farm have mild, watery-to-pasty diarrhea. The manager
of the farm reports that this diarrhea occurs sporadically in litters
as early as two to three days of age and is most prevalent in gilt
litters. Mortality resulting from this diarrhea is low, but dehydration
and poor growth rate lead to lower weaning weights. Treatment
with gentamicin has been ineffective, so the manager does not
treat the piglets for the diarrhea. Which of the following is the most Rotavirus
likely causal agent?
Circovirus
Parvovirus
Porcine enterovirus
Rotavirus
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus
A 7-year old castrated male Thoroughbred horse has a
three-week history of intermittent cough associated with eating,
unilateral (left-sided) Horner's syndrome, and intermittent bilater-
al, green-tinged nasal discharge. Two days ago, the horse bled
profusely from the left nostril. Which of the following is the most
likely source of the hemorrhage?
Internal carotid artery
Ethmoid hematoma
Internal carotid artery
Maxillary sinus mucosa
Maxillary vein
Nasal turbinates
A 17-year-old castrated male American Quarter Horse was paw-
ing and making repeated attempts to roll when the owner entered
the barn this morning. Its weight is 1103 lbs (500kg), tempera-
ture is 99.9*F, heart rate is 68 beats/min, and respiratory rate is
