Exam 2: NUR 242 Med/Surg 2025 update
COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS and verified |answers/100% accurate
answers|already graded A+
Common health Issues and Concerns older adults - ans -Decreased nutrition and
hydration
Decreased mobility
Stress and loss
Accidents - falls most common/MVA
Drug use and misuse
Mental health/cognition problems (including substance abuse)
Elder neglect and abuse
Four Major subgroups of Late Adulthood - ans -65 - 74 young old
75 - 84 middle old
85 - 99 old old
100 and older elite old
Lifestyle and Practice to Promote Wellness older adults - ans -Yearly flu vaccine
pneumococcal vaccine
Shingles vaccine
tetanus and booster every 10 years
wear seat belts
alcohol in moderation
avoid smoking
smoke detectors
prevent falls - waxed floors and scattered rugs
medications as prescribed
avoid OTC medications unless primary care phyisican directs
Yearly physicial
regular exercise
socialization
reminisce
,GFTT ( Geriatric Failure To Thrive) Complex Syndrome - ans -Under nutrition
Impaired mobility
Depression
Cognitive impairment
Depression older adults - ans -Most common mental health/behavioral health
problem among older adults.
Use Geriatric Depression Scale form
Mood disorder having cognitive, affective, physical manifestations
Primary (lack of neurotransmitters)
Secondary or situational
Dementia older adults - ans -slowly progresses
generally chronic
intellectual impairment
Most common Alzheimer's
Multi-infarct dementia, the second most common resulting from a vascular
disorder
Changes in Dark skin - Inflammation - ans -- Compare effective area with non
affected area for increased warmth
-examine skin of affected area to determine whether it is shiny or taut or pits with
pressure
- Compare the skin color of affected area with the same area on the opposite side
of the body
- palpate the affected area and compare it with unaffected area to determine
whether texture is different (affected area may feel hard or "woody"
Changes in Dark skin - Jaundice - ans -- Check for yellow tinge to oral mucous
membranes, especially the hard palate
- examine the sclera nearest to the iris rather than the corners of the eye
Changes in Dark skin - Bleeding - ans -- Compare the affected area with the same
area on the unaffected body side for swelling or skin darkening
, - if the patient has thrombocytopenia, petechiae may be present on the oral
mucosa or conjunctiva
Nail assessment - nail color - ans -White - chronic liver disease or kidney disease -
shock - anemia - early arteriosclerotic changes (toenails) - myocardial infarction
Yellow - brown - Jaundice - peripheral lymphedema - bacterial or fungal infections
of the nail - psoriasis - diabetes - cardiac failure - staining from tobacco, nail
polish, or dyes - long term tetracycline therapy - normal aging (yellow - gray color)
Red - normal finding in dark skinned patients - nevus or melanoma of nail matrix
in light skinned patients
Thin red vertical lines - bacterial endocarditis - trichinosis - trauma to nail bed -
normal finding in some patients
Blue - Cardiac insufficiency - polycythemia vera - respiratory failure -
methemoglobinuria - venous stasis disease (toenails)
Deep Tissue Injury (DTI) - ans --The intact skin appears purple or maroon
- Blood - filled blisters may be present
- Before the previously listed appeared, the tissue in this area may first have been
painful
- other changes that may have preceded the discoloration include that area may
have felt more firm, boggy, mushy, warmer, or cooler than the surrounding tissue
Stage 1 pressure ulcer - ans -- skin is intact
- area, usually over a bony prominence, red and does not blanch with external
pressure
Stage 2 pressure ulcer - ans -- skin is not intact
- there partial -thickness skin loss of the epidermis or dermis
- ulcer is superficial and maybe an abrasion, a blister (open or fluid-filled, or a
shallow crater)
Stage 3 pressure ulcer - ans -- skin loss is full thickness
subcutaneous tissue may be damaged or necrotic
- damage extends to fascia, bone, tendon and muscle
- undermining and tunneling may or may not be present
COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS and verified |answers/100% accurate
answers|already graded A+
Common health Issues and Concerns older adults - ans -Decreased nutrition and
hydration
Decreased mobility
Stress and loss
Accidents - falls most common/MVA
Drug use and misuse
Mental health/cognition problems (including substance abuse)
Elder neglect and abuse
Four Major subgroups of Late Adulthood - ans -65 - 74 young old
75 - 84 middle old
85 - 99 old old
100 and older elite old
Lifestyle and Practice to Promote Wellness older adults - ans -Yearly flu vaccine
pneumococcal vaccine
Shingles vaccine
tetanus and booster every 10 years
wear seat belts
alcohol in moderation
avoid smoking
smoke detectors
prevent falls - waxed floors and scattered rugs
medications as prescribed
avoid OTC medications unless primary care phyisican directs
Yearly physicial
regular exercise
socialization
reminisce
,GFTT ( Geriatric Failure To Thrive) Complex Syndrome - ans -Under nutrition
Impaired mobility
Depression
Cognitive impairment
Depression older adults - ans -Most common mental health/behavioral health
problem among older adults.
Use Geriatric Depression Scale form
Mood disorder having cognitive, affective, physical manifestations
Primary (lack of neurotransmitters)
Secondary or situational
Dementia older adults - ans -slowly progresses
generally chronic
intellectual impairment
Most common Alzheimer's
Multi-infarct dementia, the second most common resulting from a vascular
disorder
Changes in Dark skin - Inflammation - ans -- Compare effective area with non
affected area for increased warmth
-examine skin of affected area to determine whether it is shiny or taut or pits with
pressure
- Compare the skin color of affected area with the same area on the opposite side
of the body
- palpate the affected area and compare it with unaffected area to determine
whether texture is different (affected area may feel hard or "woody"
Changes in Dark skin - Jaundice - ans -- Check for yellow tinge to oral mucous
membranes, especially the hard palate
- examine the sclera nearest to the iris rather than the corners of the eye
Changes in Dark skin - Bleeding - ans -- Compare the affected area with the same
area on the unaffected body side for swelling or skin darkening
, - if the patient has thrombocytopenia, petechiae may be present on the oral
mucosa or conjunctiva
Nail assessment - nail color - ans -White - chronic liver disease or kidney disease -
shock - anemia - early arteriosclerotic changes (toenails) - myocardial infarction
Yellow - brown - Jaundice - peripheral lymphedema - bacterial or fungal infections
of the nail - psoriasis - diabetes - cardiac failure - staining from tobacco, nail
polish, or dyes - long term tetracycline therapy - normal aging (yellow - gray color)
Red - normal finding in dark skinned patients - nevus or melanoma of nail matrix
in light skinned patients
Thin red vertical lines - bacterial endocarditis - trichinosis - trauma to nail bed -
normal finding in some patients
Blue - Cardiac insufficiency - polycythemia vera - respiratory failure -
methemoglobinuria - venous stasis disease (toenails)
Deep Tissue Injury (DTI) - ans --The intact skin appears purple or maroon
- Blood - filled blisters may be present
- Before the previously listed appeared, the tissue in this area may first have been
painful
- other changes that may have preceded the discoloration include that area may
have felt more firm, boggy, mushy, warmer, or cooler than the surrounding tissue
Stage 1 pressure ulcer - ans -- skin is intact
- area, usually over a bony prominence, red and does not blanch with external
pressure
Stage 2 pressure ulcer - ans -- skin is not intact
- there partial -thickness skin loss of the epidermis or dermis
- ulcer is superficial and maybe an abrasion, a blister (open or fluid-filled, or a
shallow crater)
Stage 3 pressure ulcer - ans -- skin loss is full thickness
subcutaneous tissue may be damaged or necrotic
- damage extends to fascia, bone, tendon and muscle
- undermining and tunneling may or may not be present
