"Repeal & replace" efforts Ans✓✓✓ · Republicans
(2012) Why ACA passed Supreme Court? Ans✓✓✓ · Govs taxing authority
(2015) ACA health insurance subsidies considered by Supreme Court Ans✓✓✓ ·
Court ruled fed gov can provide nationwide tax subsidies to help poor & middle-
class people buy health insurance
1900-1930 Ans✓✓✓ · 0.3% of Growth Domestic Product (GDP)
1910 Ans✓✓✓ · Early forerunners of health insurance plans appeared as
"prepaid" group practices
· Plan members paid monthly premium & received a wide range of medical
services throughout exclusive group of providers
1920 Ans✓✓✓ · The AMA house of delegates passed a resolution opposing (NHI)
1929 Ans✓✓✓ · BC plans were established to provide "prepaid" hospital care to
workers in Dallas Public School system
· Created by Baylor
1934 Ans✓✓✓ · President Franklin Roosevelt created the committee on
economic security to consider the whole question of social insurance
,· NHI was on the agenda BUT did not stay on it long
1949 Ans✓✓✓ · Harry Truman re-elected w/ Democratic majorities in both
houses of Congress
1951 Ans✓✓✓ · Truman administration withdrew support for the NHI proposal
1960 Ans✓✓✓ · 1.3% GDP = 4x, four-fold, 400%
1965 Ans✓✓✓ · Truman began the campaign that eventually led to passage of
Medicare
1980 Ans✓✓✓ · 4.1% GDP = 3x since 1960, 13.6x since 1930
1990 Ans✓✓✓ · AMA dropped the non-compulsory principle
1st campaign (for NHI in U.S.) undertaken by Ans✓✓✓ · The American
Association for Labor Legislation (AALL)
AALL
· Middle class, liberal reform minded group founded in 1906
1916
· AALL proposed compulsory medical care & sickness benefits insurance that
would have:
,o Covered persons earning below a certain income level (poor)
o Used existing insurance carriers
o Shared costs among employers, employees, & states
o Been adopted by each state independently [some would, some wouldn't]
1st NHI created by a Ans✓✓✓ · Conservative constitutional monarchy
1st NHI program introduced by Ans✓✓✓ · Otto von Bismarck, the "Iron
Chancellor" of Prussia
1st NHI programs appeared in Ans✓✓✓ 1880s
2 contrasting ways to pay HC providers for services Ans✓✓✓ · Capitation
· Indemnity Health Insurance (difference is in who takes risk)
2 Fed health policies enacted to solve problems related to health care coverage
Ans✓✓✓ · EMTALA
· HIPAA
· 1986
2 sources of funds for ACA Ans✓✓✓ · Cuts in gov spending
· New revenues
, 3 organizations the ACA put in place to lower HC costs & improve quality over
long-term Ans✓✓✓ · Independent Payment Advisory Board
· Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation
· Prevention & Public Health Fund
3 types of coverage options of the Health Security Act Ans✓✓✓ · HMO
· PPO
· FFS
3 ways ACA address problem of HC costs Ans✓✓✓ · Spread costs of HC over all
people by requiring all persons to have health insurance
· Seek efficiencies (discounts)
· Promote prevention & thereby reduce demand for HC services
4 out of 10 leading causes of death associated with Ans✓✓✓ · Unhealthy diet
5 Primary Features proposed by Clinton's Health Security Act Ans✓✓✓ ·
Guaranteed private insurance for everyone
· Choice of Dr/health plan