Sergeant NFLST Exam Study Guide Questions with Correct Answers 2025

14th ammendment -Correct Answer due process of law Arrest -Correct Answer intention, authority, custody Arrest warrant -Correct Answer 1. Name of the state 2. Who will execute the warrant (normally any peace officer of that state) 3. Person who will be arrested 4. Offense Committed 5. Date, time, place of occurrence 6. Name of victim 7. Description of Offense Mapp v. Ohio -Correct Answer Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court) Search Warrant Exceptions -Correct Answer Consent, warrant, exigency, vehicle inventory, incident to arrest, motor vehicle, plain view Chimel v. California (1969) -Correct Answer search is valid of a person and area under him immediate control form which he could produce a weapon or destroy evidence Carroll v. U.S. (1925) -Correct Answer movable vehicle rule Arizona v. Gant (2009) -Correct Answer can search a vehicle when reasonable to believe will find evidence of the offense. Only in passenger compartment. inductive reasoning -Correct Answer factual and logical explanation of the crime deductive reasoning -Correct Answer hypothesis neighborhood canvas -Correct Answer helpful in about 20% of investigations vehicle canvas -Correct Answer get description, location, plate of vehicles in the area with description of anything suspicious ie blood, bullet holes, possible evidence. Primary v. secondary scenes -Correct Answer primary is where first criminal act occurred, secondary scenes are where all subsequent scenes occurred. Evidence in "open view" -Correct Answer processed before other items/bodies to make sure no undue damage is done to families by media or common talk. 3 kinds of evidence -Correct Answer Corpus delicti evidence - evidence that is needed to prove the commission of the crime Associative - connects the suspect to the scene or victim/ or connects the scene or victim to the suspect Tracing - identification and location of the suspect such as a discarded ID at the scene. Crime scene patterns (patterns or techniques used to search an area after the boundary has been determined -Correct Answer Spiral, Grid, Strip/line, Quadrant/ or Zone, Pie/wheel Digital photography (far/medium/close) -Correct Answer Orientation - far, Relationship - medium, Identification - close, Comparison - close of evidence Class characteristics -Correct Answer not completely original, like the print of a Nike shoe Individual characteristics -Correct Answer fingerprints/footprints, etc. Residue prints -Correct Answer prints left on a hard surface from a foot, shoe, or tire. Impressions -Correct Answer prints left in something moldable like clay, dirt, snow, etc. Plastic prints -Correct Answer prints left in something "tacky" like silly putty, fatty foods, caulking Patent/contaminated/visible -Correct Answer fingers contaminated with an oily substance touch a clean surface Latent/invisible -Correct Answer unseen or hidden prints that are developed to expose them Forensic ondontology -Correct Answer intersection of dentistry and criminal law, i.e. bite mark analysis and identification. Signature -Correct Answer The striations on a bullet after passing through the bore of the barrel of a rifle or pistol Touch DNA -Correct Answer small amounts of DNA evidence left from suspect skin shavings after touching something. Handwriting samples -Correct Answer 15 to 20 samples should be collected from suspects Objective of interrogation: (importance goes up as the difficulty goes up) -Correct Answer Obtain valuable facts, Eliminate the innocent, Identify the guilty, Obtain a confession Proximity -Correct Answer distance between you and subject during interview (optimal proximity 27 in. for middle class white males) Expectancy -Correct Answer Bias when witness is not completely positive of an answer. They'll give an answer they would expect, or assume. Coerced - internalized confession -Correct Answer False confession where innocent suspect made to believe they committed the crime where people develop a distrust of their own memory. Voluntary confession -Correct Answer Give false confession without provocation Coerced compliant confession -Correct Answer Confess after lengthy interrogation process and think the short term outweighs long term (being released on bail and getting high vs. having to go to prison later) Free and voluntary rule -Correct Answer can't beat a suspect into a confession, or threaten violence McNabb v. United States -Correct Answer Must not be "unnecessary delay" in the production of the suspect before a magistrate. Confession was gained during this delay, and the subsequent confession was inadmissible despite it being given freely and voluntarily. From this case came the "delay in arraignment" rule. Berghuis v. Thomkins -Correct Answer 5th amendment case involving Miranda v. Arizona. Suspect was advised of rights, didn't sign the form, but agreed to speak with detectives. Confession given, and was later admissible by Supreme Court. Algor mortis -Correct Answer body cooling - inaccurate way of determining time of death Ocular change -Correct Answer cornea becomes cloudy within 2 hours of less if eyes are open Ocular change (closed) -Correct Answer if eyes closed, 12-24 hours, 3rd postmortem