MCB 317 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Already Passed
Mendel second law of random assortment - Answers During gamete formation, different pairs of alleles
segregate independently of each other
Gamete - Answers A specialized haploid cell (eggs and sperm or pollen) that carry genes between
generations.
Haploid - Answers Cells that carry one set of chromosomes
Genotypic class - Answers A grouping defined by a set of related genotypes that will produce a particular
phenotype. The term is most useful for describing progeny of dihybrid or multihybrid crosses; for
example in a cross between AaBb individuals, the classes are A-B-, A-bb, aaB-, and aabb.
Somatic Cell - Answers Any cell in an organism other than gametes or their precursors.
Phenotype - Answers An observable characteristic
Allele - Answers Alternative forms of a single gene (or DNA sequence)
Mendel law of segregation - Answers The two alleles for each trait separate during gamete formation,
and hen unite at random, one from each parent, at fertilization.
Recessive Trait - Answers The trait that is hidden in the F1 hybrids (heterozygotes) resulting from a
mating between pure breeding parental strains showing antagonistic phenotypes.
Homozygous - Answers A genotype in which the two copies of the gene that determines a particular
trait are the same allele.
Mono-hybrid cross - Answers A cross between parents that differ in only one trait.
Genetic screen - Answers An experimental procedure designed to generate a collection of mutants and
identify particular mutants within that collection that have a specific phenotype.
Ectopic expression - Answers Transcription of a gene in the wrong tissue or at the wrong time in
development.
Meiosis DNA content(N) - Answers 2n-4n-
2n,2n-
n,n,n,n
Mitosis DNA content(N) - Answers 2n-
4n-
2n
, Meiosis steps - Answers Chromosomes replicate(DNA replication)
Meiosis 1(homologous chromosomes pair on metaphase plate)
recombination, homologous chromosomes separate and cells divide
Meiosis 2
All chromosomes line up on metaphase plate, sister chromatids separate and cells divide
The Punnet Square - Answers is a visual representation of Mendel's law of segregation
Independent events - Answers probability of two events occurring together
Probability both A and B will occur, use multiplication to solve
Mutually exclusive events - Answers probability of one or another event occurring.
Probability A or B occur, add to solve
Di hybrid cross ratio - Answers 9:3:3:1
Mendelian Inheritance in Humans - Answers Most traits in humans are due to the interactions of
multiple genes and do not show a simple Mendelian pattern of Inheritance
Pedigree - Answers Shows a vertical pattern of Inheritance indicates a rare dominant trait...if you see it
in every generation it must be dominate...If rare disease we assume outsider does not have it
Testcross - Answers A cross to determine the genotype of an individual showing a dominant phenotype
by mating with an individual showing a recessive phenotype
Uses of Genotyping - Answers Medicine, forensics, experimentation, paternity, evolution, anthropology
Transition mutation - Answers Change of a base from purine to a purine example(A-G or G-A)
Transvertion - Answers Change of a base from purine to pyrimidine example(C-A or G-C)
Polymorphic - Answers genes that have more than one wild type allele
Polymorphism - Answers The presence in a population of two or more relatively common forms of a
gene, chromosome or genetically determined trait. A locus that has two or more wild type wild types
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism(SNP) - Answers Size is 1 bp, frequency is every 1000 bp or 1kb, 3x10^6
differences between two sets of human chromosomes, SNPS are Bi-allelic, Most SNPs derived from a
single mutation event during the course of human history, same SNP common ancestor, Happens more
in non-coding regions, most cause silent mutations because the are retained in the population
Disease cause by SNPs - Answers Cystic Fibrosis, sickle cell,
Mendel second law of random assortment - Answers During gamete formation, different pairs of alleles
segregate independently of each other
Gamete - Answers A specialized haploid cell (eggs and sperm or pollen) that carry genes between
generations.
Haploid - Answers Cells that carry one set of chromosomes
Genotypic class - Answers A grouping defined by a set of related genotypes that will produce a particular
phenotype. The term is most useful for describing progeny of dihybrid or multihybrid crosses; for
example in a cross between AaBb individuals, the classes are A-B-, A-bb, aaB-, and aabb.
Somatic Cell - Answers Any cell in an organism other than gametes or their precursors.
Phenotype - Answers An observable characteristic
Allele - Answers Alternative forms of a single gene (or DNA sequence)
Mendel law of segregation - Answers The two alleles for each trait separate during gamete formation,
and hen unite at random, one from each parent, at fertilization.
Recessive Trait - Answers The trait that is hidden in the F1 hybrids (heterozygotes) resulting from a
mating between pure breeding parental strains showing antagonistic phenotypes.
Homozygous - Answers A genotype in which the two copies of the gene that determines a particular
trait are the same allele.
Mono-hybrid cross - Answers A cross between parents that differ in only one trait.
Genetic screen - Answers An experimental procedure designed to generate a collection of mutants and
identify particular mutants within that collection that have a specific phenotype.
Ectopic expression - Answers Transcription of a gene in the wrong tissue or at the wrong time in
development.
Meiosis DNA content(N) - Answers 2n-4n-
2n,2n-
n,n,n,n
Mitosis DNA content(N) - Answers 2n-
4n-
2n
, Meiosis steps - Answers Chromosomes replicate(DNA replication)
Meiosis 1(homologous chromosomes pair on metaphase plate)
recombination, homologous chromosomes separate and cells divide
Meiosis 2
All chromosomes line up on metaphase plate, sister chromatids separate and cells divide
The Punnet Square - Answers is a visual representation of Mendel's law of segregation
Independent events - Answers probability of two events occurring together
Probability both A and B will occur, use multiplication to solve
Mutually exclusive events - Answers probability of one or another event occurring.
Probability A or B occur, add to solve
Di hybrid cross ratio - Answers 9:3:3:1
Mendelian Inheritance in Humans - Answers Most traits in humans are due to the interactions of
multiple genes and do not show a simple Mendelian pattern of Inheritance
Pedigree - Answers Shows a vertical pattern of Inheritance indicates a rare dominant trait...if you see it
in every generation it must be dominate...If rare disease we assume outsider does not have it
Testcross - Answers A cross to determine the genotype of an individual showing a dominant phenotype
by mating with an individual showing a recessive phenotype
Uses of Genotyping - Answers Medicine, forensics, experimentation, paternity, evolution, anthropology
Transition mutation - Answers Change of a base from purine to a purine example(A-G or G-A)
Transvertion - Answers Change of a base from purine to pyrimidine example(C-A or G-C)
Polymorphic - Answers genes that have more than one wild type allele
Polymorphism - Answers The presence in a population of two or more relatively common forms of a
gene, chromosome or genetically determined trait. A locus that has two or more wild type wild types
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism(SNP) - Answers Size is 1 bp, frequency is every 1000 bp or 1kb, 3x10^6
differences between two sets of human chromosomes, SNPS are Bi-allelic, Most SNPs derived from a
single mutation event during the course of human history, same SNP common ancestor, Happens more
in non-coding regions, most cause silent mutations because the are retained in the population
Disease cause by SNPs - Answers Cystic Fibrosis, sickle cell,
