Distributed systems UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is a centralized computer system? - CORRECT ANSWER - centralized computer
system has all processes and data storage on one main server, and users access it through
connected devices.
Define distributed systems. - CORRECT ANSWER - distributed systems consist of
multiple devices working together, communicating and collaborating to perform tasks.
What are the main differences between centralized and distributed systems? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Centralized systems handle all tasks on one mainframe, while distributed
systems split tasks across multiple devices for security and scalability.
What are LAN, MAN, and WAN networks? - CORRECT ANSWER - LAN is a Local
Area Network, MAN is a Metropolitan Area Network, and WAN is a Wide Area Network, each
covering different geographical areas.
Explain the purpose of Ethernet in networking. - CORRECT ANSWER - Ethernet creates
a network allowing devices like computers and printers to communicate with each other using
data packets.
What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)? - CORRECT ANSWER - NIC is a hardware
component that connects a device to a network, enabling it to send and receive data.
How does a switch function in an Ethernet network? - CORRECT ANSWER - A switch
directs data packets to the correct destinations in a network, avoiding collisions by sending data
to specific devices.
What are VLANs and their purpose? - CORRECT ANSWER - VLANs allow logical
segmentation of a physical network into multiple virtual networks, improving security and
management.
, Define OSI layers: Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3. - CORRECT ANSWER - Layer 1 is the
Physical layer, Layer 2 is the Data Link layer, and Layer 3 is the Network layer, each handling
different network functions.
What is the purpose of an IP address? - CORRECT ANSWER - An IP address identifies a
device's interface within a network, allowing communication across networks.
Explain the function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). - CORRECT ANSWER -
ARP maps IP addresses to MAC addresses, allowing devices to communicate on a local network.
What is the difference between static and dynamic routing? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Static routing involves manually setting routes, while dynamic routing uses protocols to update
routes automatically.
Define Network Address Translation (NAT) and its use. - CORRECT ANSWER - NAT
translates private IP addresses to public ones for internet access, often used in routers and
firewalls.
What is Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)? - CORRECT ANSWER - VRF allows
multiple virtual routers within a single physical router, enabling network segmentation.
Explain the purpose of TCP and UDP in data transmission. - CORRECT ANSWER - TCP
is a reliable, connection-oriented protocol, while UDP is a faster, connectionless protocol used
when speed is crucial.
What are firewalls, and at what OSI layers do they operate? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Firewalls monitor and control network traffic based on predefined rules and operate on Layers 2,
3, and 4.
What is the function of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems
(IPS)? - CORRECT ANSWER - IDS detects unusual traffic and alerts, while IPS actively
blocks suspected malicious traffic.
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is a centralized computer system? - CORRECT ANSWER - centralized computer
system has all processes and data storage on one main server, and users access it through
connected devices.
Define distributed systems. - CORRECT ANSWER - distributed systems consist of
multiple devices working together, communicating and collaborating to perform tasks.
What are the main differences between centralized and distributed systems? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Centralized systems handle all tasks on one mainframe, while distributed
systems split tasks across multiple devices for security and scalability.
What are LAN, MAN, and WAN networks? - CORRECT ANSWER - LAN is a Local
Area Network, MAN is a Metropolitan Area Network, and WAN is a Wide Area Network, each
covering different geographical areas.
Explain the purpose of Ethernet in networking. - CORRECT ANSWER - Ethernet creates
a network allowing devices like computers and printers to communicate with each other using
data packets.
What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)? - CORRECT ANSWER - NIC is a hardware
component that connects a device to a network, enabling it to send and receive data.
How does a switch function in an Ethernet network? - CORRECT ANSWER - A switch
directs data packets to the correct destinations in a network, avoiding collisions by sending data
to specific devices.
What are VLANs and their purpose? - CORRECT ANSWER - VLANs allow logical
segmentation of a physical network into multiple virtual networks, improving security and
management.
, Define OSI layers: Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3. - CORRECT ANSWER - Layer 1 is the
Physical layer, Layer 2 is the Data Link layer, and Layer 3 is the Network layer, each handling
different network functions.
What is the purpose of an IP address? - CORRECT ANSWER - An IP address identifies a
device's interface within a network, allowing communication across networks.
Explain the function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). - CORRECT ANSWER -
ARP maps IP addresses to MAC addresses, allowing devices to communicate on a local network.
What is the difference between static and dynamic routing? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Static routing involves manually setting routes, while dynamic routing uses protocols to update
routes automatically.
Define Network Address Translation (NAT) and its use. - CORRECT ANSWER - NAT
translates private IP addresses to public ones for internet access, often used in routers and
firewalls.
What is Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)? - CORRECT ANSWER - VRF allows
multiple virtual routers within a single physical router, enabling network segmentation.
Explain the purpose of TCP and UDP in data transmission. - CORRECT ANSWER - TCP
is a reliable, connection-oriented protocol, while UDP is a faster, connectionless protocol used
when speed is crucial.
What are firewalls, and at what OSI layers do they operate? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Firewalls monitor and control network traffic based on predefined rules and operate on Layers 2,
3, and 4.
What is the function of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems
(IPS)? - CORRECT ANSWER - IDS detects unusual traffic and alerts, while IPS actively
blocks suspected malicious traffic.
