Diamond & Diamond Grading Exam
469Questions and Answers with complete
solution2025(Graded A+)
Abrasion (Abr) - CORRECT ANSWERS A series of minute nicks along the facet junctions of a
fashioned diamond; gives the edges a white or fuzzy appearance. (Assignment 10)
Adamantine luster - CORRECT ANSWERS The highest degree of luster possible in a transparent
material. (Assignment 8)
Aggregate - CORRECT ANSWERS A solid mass of individual, randomly oriented crystals,
intergrown or held together by a natural binding agent. (Assignment 7)
Alluvial deposit - CORRECT ANSWERS A deposit where gems are eroded from their source rock,
then transported away from the source and further concentrated. (Assignment 5)
Angle of incidence - CORRECT ANSWERS The angle at which a ray of light strikes a surface,
measured from the normal. (Assignment 8)
Angle of reflection - CORRECT ANSWERS The angle between the normal and a reflected ray of
light. (Assignment 8)
Annealing - CORRECT ANSWERS Using heat to stabilize irradiated color in gemstones.
(Assignment 12)
Appraisal - CORRECT ANSWERS An estimation of the value of an article, usually for insurance
purposes. (Assignment 1)
,Average girdle diameter - CORRECT ANSWERS The result achieved by adding the smallest and
largest girdle measurements of a round brilliant and dividing by two. (Assignment 14)
Bast - CORRECT ANSWERS Frosted rough diamond. "Bark" in Dutch. (Assignment 9)
Bearded Girdle (BG) - CORRECT ANSWERS Very small feathers that extend from the girdle
surface into the stone; can result from the cutting process. (Assignment 10)
Belly - CORRECT ANSWERS The slightly curving center of the long side of a pear, marquise, heart,
or oval. (Assignment 16)
Beneficiation - CORRECT ANSWERS A commitment to reserve a portion of the resources derived
from any country for the economic development of that country. (Assignment 3)
Best Practices Principles (BPP) - CORRECT ANSWERS De Beers' formalized commitment of itself
and its sightholders to the highest ethical standards. (Assignment 3)
Blemish - CORRECT ANSWERS Clarity characteristic that's confined to the surface of a polished
gemstone. (Assignment 10)
Block caving - CORRECT ANSWERS Underground mining that involves building a concrete-lined
tunnel under an ore deposit, then collecting the ore through openings in the liner. (Assignment 6)
Blocking - CORRECT ANSWERS Placing the first 17 or 18 facets on a diamond. (Assignment 9)
Bow-tie - CORRECT ANSWERS A dark area across the center of an elongated brilliant cut.
(Assignment 16)
,Brick-and-mortar retailer - CORRECT ANSWERS A traditional store consisting of walls and a fixed
location. (Assignment 3)
Brightness - CORRECT ANSWERS The effect of all the diamond's internal and external reflections
of white light. (Assignment 8)
Brilliant cut - CORRECT ANSWERS A cutting style in which triangular and kite-shaped facets
radiate from a gem's center toward its girdle. (Assignment 16)
Brillianteering - CORRECT ANSWERS Placement and polishing of the star and upper and lower
girdle facets. (Assignment 9)
Bruise (Br) - CORRECT ANSWERS A tiny area of impact accompanied by very small, root-like
feathers visible at 10X magnification; typically occurs at a facet junction. (Assignment 10)
Bruting - CORRECT ANSWERS Forming the basic face-up outline of a diamond to prepare it for
faceting. (Assignment 9)
Bulk sampling - CORRECT ANSWERS Large-scale character sampling. (Assignment 5)
Burn Marks (Brn) - CORRECT ANSWERS Hazy surface areas that result from excessive heat or
from uneven polishing caused by structural irregularities; also called polish marks or burned facets.
(Assignment 10)
Cavity (Cv) - CORRECT ANSWERS An angular opening created when part of a feather breaks
away. (Assignment 10)
Central Selling Organisation (CSO) - CORRECT ANSWERS An agency designed to purchase, sort,
evaluate, and sell rough diamonds. (Assignment 2)
, Character sampling - CORRECT ANSWERS Testing for the size, shape, clarity, and color of the
diamonds in a deposit. (Assignment 5)
Characteristic color - CORRECT ANSWERS The basic color of a fancy-colored diamond.
(Assignment 13)
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) - CORRECT ANSWERS An industrial process adapted to allow
growth of synthetic diamond from carbon-rich gas in thin layers onto a silicon or diamond surface.
(Assignment 19)
Chip (Ch) - CORRECT ANSWERS A shallow opening caused by damage to the stone's surface;
typically occurs at a girdle edge, facet junction, or culet. (Assignment 10)
Clarity characteristic - CORRECT ANSWERS Internal or external feature of a gemstone that helps
determine its quality and establish its identity. (Assignment 10)
Cleavage (Cl) - CORRECT ANSWERS Large, severe, straight break along a plane of atomic
weakness; considered an inclusion. (Assignment 10)
Cleavage plane - CORRECT ANSWERS Plane parallel to a possible crystal face, where a diamond
can split cleanly when struck. (Assignment 7)
Cleaver - CORRECT ANSWERS A person who cleaves, or splits, a diamond along a cleavage plane.
The cleaver might also be responsible for planning the fashioning of a polished gem. (Assignment 9)
Cleaving - CORRECT ANSWERS Dividing a diamond into two or more pieces along a cleavage
plane. (Assignment 9)
469Questions and Answers with complete
solution2025(Graded A+)
Abrasion (Abr) - CORRECT ANSWERS A series of minute nicks along the facet junctions of a
fashioned diamond; gives the edges a white or fuzzy appearance. (Assignment 10)
Adamantine luster - CORRECT ANSWERS The highest degree of luster possible in a transparent
material. (Assignment 8)
Aggregate - CORRECT ANSWERS A solid mass of individual, randomly oriented crystals,
intergrown or held together by a natural binding agent. (Assignment 7)
Alluvial deposit - CORRECT ANSWERS A deposit where gems are eroded from their source rock,
then transported away from the source and further concentrated. (Assignment 5)
Angle of incidence - CORRECT ANSWERS The angle at which a ray of light strikes a surface,
measured from the normal. (Assignment 8)
Angle of reflection - CORRECT ANSWERS The angle between the normal and a reflected ray of
light. (Assignment 8)
Annealing - CORRECT ANSWERS Using heat to stabilize irradiated color in gemstones.
(Assignment 12)
Appraisal - CORRECT ANSWERS An estimation of the value of an article, usually for insurance
purposes. (Assignment 1)
,Average girdle diameter - CORRECT ANSWERS The result achieved by adding the smallest and
largest girdle measurements of a round brilliant and dividing by two. (Assignment 14)
Bast - CORRECT ANSWERS Frosted rough diamond. "Bark" in Dutch. (Assignment 9)
Bearded Girdle (BG) - CORRECT ANSWERS Very small feathers that extend from the girdle
surface into the stone; can result from the cutting process. (Assignment 10)
Belly - CORRECT ANSWERS The slightly curving center of the long side of a pear, marquise, heart,
or oval. (Assignment 16)
Beneficiation - CORRECT ANSWERS A commitment to reserve a portion of the resources derived
from any country for the economic development of that country. (Assignment 3)
Best Practices Principles (BPP) - CORRECT ANSWERS De Beers' formalized commitment of itself
and its sightholders to the highest ethical standards. (Assignment 3)
Blemish - CORRECT ANSWERS Clarity characteristic that's confined to the surface of a polished
gemstone. (Assignment 10)
Block caving - CORRECT ANSWERS Underground mining that involves building a concrete-lined
tunnel under an ore deposit, then collecting the ore through openings in the liner. (Assignment 6)
Blocking - CORRECT ANSWERS Placing the first 17 or 18 facets on a diamond. (Assignment 9)
Bow-tie - CORRECT ANSWERS A dark area across the center of an elongated brilliant cut.
(Assignment 16)
,Brick-and-mortar retailer - CORRECT ANSWERS A traditional store consisting of walls and a fixed
location. (Assignment 3)
Brightness - CORRECT ANSWERS The effect of all the diamond's internal and external reflections
of white light. (Assignment 8)
Brilliant cut - CORRECT ANSWERS A cutting style in which triangular and kite-shaped facets
radiate from a gem's center toward its girdle. (Assignment 16)
Brillianteering - CORRECT ANSWERS Placement and polishing of the star and upper and lower
girdle facets. (Assignment 9)
Bruise (Br) - CORRECT ANSWERS A tiny area of impact accompanied by very small, root-like
feathers visible at 10X magnification; typically occurs at a facet junction. (Assignment 10)
Bruting - CORRECT ANSWERS Forming the basic face-up outline of a diamond to prepare it for
faceting. (Assignment 9)
Bulk sampling - CORRECT ANSWERS Large-scale character sampling. (Assignment 5)
Burn Marks (Brn) - CORRECT ANSWERS Hazy surface areas that result from excessive heat or
from uneven polishing caused by structural irregularities; also called polish marks or burned facets.
(Assignment 10)
Cavity (Cv) - CORRECT ANSWERS An angular opening created when part of a feather breaks
away. (Assignment 10)
Central Selling Organisation (CSO) - CORRECT ANSWERS An agency designed to purchase, sort,
evaluate, and sell rough diamonds. (Assignment 2)
, Character sampling - CORRECT ANSWERS Testing for the size, shape, clarity, and color of the
diamonds in a deposit. (Assignment 5)
Characteristic color - CORRECT ANSWERS The basic color of a fancy-colored diamond.
(Assignment 13)
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) - CORRECT ANSWERS An industrial process adapted to allow
growth of synthetic diamond from carbon-rich gas in thin layers onto a silicon or diamond surface.
(Assignment 19)
Chip (Ch) - CORRECT ANSWERS A shallow opening caused by damage to the stone's surface;
typically occurs at a girdle edge, facet junction, or culet. (Assignment 10)
Clarity characteristic - CORRECT ANSWERS Internal or external feature of a gemstone that helps
determine its quality and establish its identity. (Assignment 10)
Cleavage (Cl) - CORRECT ANSWERS Large, severe, straight break along a plane of atomic
weakness; considered an inclusion. (Assignment 10)
Cleavage plane - CORRECT ANSWERS Plane parallel to a possible crystal face, where a diamond
can split cleanly when struck. (Assignment 7)
Cleaver - CORRECT ANSWERS A person who cleaves, or splits, a diamond along a cleavage plane.
The cleaver might also be responsible for planning the fashioning of a polished gem. (Assignment 9)
Cleaving - CORRECT ANSWERS Dividing a diamond into two or more pieces along a cleavage
plane. (Assignment 9)
