FINAL EXAM NICHOLLS BIOL 105
(Maggie Bruce) with 100% correct
answers (graded A+)
Asexual Reproduction - answer Reproduction may be asexual when one
individual produces genetically identical offspring
Fission - answer the parent splits into two individuals
Budding - answer the parent "grows" new individuals from its body
Fragmentation - answer pieces of the parent can generate new organisms
Parthenogenesis - answer individuals develop from unfertilized eggs
Sexual Reproduction - answer when the genetic material from two individuals
is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring
Hermaphoditism - answer combined sexes; can be simultaneous or
sequential
Sex Determination - answer The sex of an individual may be determined by
various chromosomal systems or environmental factors such as temperature.
Sexual reproduction may involve fertilization inside the body or in the
external environment. Some species release the egg and sperm into the
environment, some species retain the egg and receive the sperm into the
female body and then expel the developing embryo covered with shell, while
still other species retain the developing offspring throughout the gestation
period. - answer Fertilization (External vs Internal)
, Early Embryonic Development - answer The early stages of embryonic
development begin with fertilization. The process of fertilization is tightly
controlled to ensure that only one sperm fuses with one egg.
Blastulation - answer After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage to
form the blastula, which in some species is a hollow ball of cells.
Gastrulation - answer the three germ layers form. The ectoderm gives rise to
the nervous system and the epidermal skin cells, the mesoderm gives rise to
the muscle cells and connective tissue in the body, and the endoderm gives
rise to the digestive system and other internal organs.
Organogenesis - answer the formation of organs from the germ layers. Each
germ layer gives rise to specific tissue types.
Scrotum/Testes - answer testes are located within the scrotum; testes
produce testosterone and sperm
Penis - answer copulatory organ in males; drains urine and ejaculate from the
body
Semen/Spermatogenesis - answer semen is produced by the seminal vesicle,
bulbourethral gland, and prostate; sperm are nourished by the semen; four
sperm are produced for each spermatagonium
Vagina - answer copulatory organ for females; passage for menstrual flow
and birth canal
Ovaries/Oogenesis - answer oocytes mature in the ovary and are released
into the oviducts where fertilization takes place; produces estrogen and
progesterone; 1 egg from each oogonium
(Maggie Bruce) with 100% correct
answers (graded A+)
Asexual Reproduction - answer Reproduction may be asexual when one
individual produces genetically identical offspring
Fission - answer the parent splits into two individuals
Budding - answer the parent "grows" new individuals from its body
Fragmentation - answer pieces of the parent can generate new organisms
Parthenogenesis - answer individuals develop from unfertilized eggs
Sexual Reproduction - answer when the genetic material from two individuals
is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring
Hermaphoditism - answer combined sexes; can be simultaneous or
sequential
Sex Determination - answer The sex of an individual may be determined by
various chromosomal systems or environmental factors such as temperature.
Sexual reproduction may involve fertilization inside the body or in the
external environment. Some species release the egg and sperm into the
environment, some species retain the egg and receive the sperm into the
female body and then expel the developing embryo covered with shell, while
still other species retain the developing offspring throughout the gestation
period. - answer Fertilization (External vs Internal)
, Early Embryonic Development - answer The early stages of embryonic
development begin with fertilization. The process of fertilization is tightly
controlled to ensure that only one sperm fuses with one egg.
Blastulation - answer After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage to
form the blastula, which in some species is a hollow ball of cells.
Gastrulation - answer the three germ layers form. The ectoderm gives rise to
the nervous system and the epidermal skin cells, the mesoderm gives rise to
the muscle cells and connective tissue in the body, and the endoderm gives
rise to the digestive system and other internal organs.
Organogenesis - answer the formation of organs from the germ layers. Each
germ layer gives rise to specific tissue types.
Scrotum/Testes - answer testes are located within the scrotum; testes
produce testosterone and sperm
Penis - answer copulatory organ in males; drains urine and ejaculate from the
body
Semen/Spermatogenesis - answer semen is produced by the seminal vesicle,
bulbourethral gland, and prostate; sperm are nourished by the semen; four
sperm are produced for each spermatagonium
Vagina - answer copulatory organ for females; passage for menstrual flow
and birth canal
Ovaries/Oogenesis - answer oocytes mature in the ovary and are released
into the oviducts where fertilization takes place; produces estrogen and
progesterone; 1 egg from each oogonium
