DAT Bootcamp Bio Chapter 1: Molecules
and Fundamentals of Biology Questions
and Answers
atom - correct answer-✅made up of neutrons, protons, and electrons
Molecules - correct answer-✅groups of 2 or more atoms joined via chemical bonds
Electronegativity - correct answer-✅defines the ability of an atom to attract electrons
Ionic and covalent bonds are...intramolecular/intermolecular? - correct answer-✅intramolecular
hydrogen bonds are...intramolecular/intermolecular? - correct answer-✅intermolecular
Macromolecules form ________ (single unit) which
combine to form ________ (series of repeating a monomers). - correct answer-✅monomers, polymers
Monosaccharides - correct answer-✅single sugar molecules
Disaccharides - correct answer-✅two sugar molecules joined together by a glycosidic linkage
Polysaccharides - correct answer-✅a series of connected monosaccharides (an example of a polymer),
bonded together via dehydration synthesis and broken down via hydrolysis
α-glucose polymer carbohydrates - correct answer-✅starch, glycogen
Starch - correct answer-✅Functions to store energy in plant cells
Glycogen - correct answer-✅Functions to store energy in animal cells. Differs from starch in its polymer
branching
β-glucose polymer carbohydrates - correct answer-✅cellulose, chitin
Cellulose - correct answer-✅Functions as a structural molecule for the walls of plant cells and wood
Chitin - correct answer-✅Functions as a structural molecule in fungal cell walls & arthropod
exoskeletons. Structurally similar to cellulose but with nitrogen-containing groups
attached to each β-glucose ring
Polymers of amino acids joined by - correct answer-✅peptide bonds
Amino Acid structure: - correct answer-✅
STRUCTURAL proteins: Based entirely
on the structure of the protein - correct answer-✅fibrous, globular, intermediate
COMPOSITION proteins: Based entirely
on the composition of the protein - correct answer-✅simple, conjugated
Fibrous protein - correct answer-✅Insoluble, long polymer fibers, forms structural components of cells,
ex: collagen
Globular protein - correct answer-✅Soluble, folded tightly, performs
many functions, ex: albumin
Intermediate protein - correct answer-✅Soluble, fiber shaped, perform
many functions, ex: fibrinogen
Simple protein - correct answer-✅Made only of amino acids, ex: albumin
Conjugated protein - correct answer-✅Made of amino acids + non-protein components ex: hemoglobin,
lipoprotein (HDL/LDL)
primary structure (of a protein) - correct answer-✅Amino acid chain
secondary structure (of a protein) - correct answer-✅α-Helices and β-Sheets, caused by hydrogen
bonding
tertiary structure (of a protein) - correct answer-✅3D structure due to non-covalent interactions
between the R-groups of amino acids
quaternary structure (of a protein) - correct answer-✅3D structure from the grouping of two or more
peptide chains, ex: DNA
and Fundamentals of Biology Questions
and Answers
atom - correct answer-✅made up of neutrons, protons, and electrons
Molecules - correct answer-✅groups of 2 or more atoms joined via chemical bonds
Electronegativity - correct answer-✅defines the ability of an atom to attract electrons
Ionic and covalent bonds are...intramolecular/intermolecular? - correct answer-✅intramolecular
hydrogen bonds are...intramolecular/intermolecular? - correct answer-✅intermolecular
Macromolecules form ________ (single unit) which
combine to form ________ (series of repeating a monomers). - correct answer-✅monomers, polymers
Monosaccharides - correct answer-✅single sugar molecules
Disaccharides - correct answer-✅two sugar molecules joined together by a glycosidic linkage
Polysaccharides - correct answer-✅a series of connected monosaccharides (an example of a polymer),
bonded together via dehydration synthesis and broken down via hydrolysis
α-glucose polymer carbohydrates - correct answer-✅starch, glycogen
Starch - correct answer-✅Functions to store energy in plant cells
Glycogen - correct answer-✅Functions to store energy in animal cells. Differs from starch in its polymer
branching
β-glucose polymer carbohydrates - correct answer-✅cellulose, chitin
Cellulose - correct answer-✅Functions as a structural molecule for the walls of plant cells and wood
Chitin - correct answer-✅Functions as a structural molecule in fungal cell walls & arthropod
exoskeletons. Structurally similar to cellulose but with nitrogen-containing groups
attached to each β-glucose ring
Polymers of amino acids joined by - correct answer-✅peptide bonds
Amino Acid structure: - correct answer-✅
STRUCTURAL proteins: Based entirely
on the structure of the protein - correct answer-✅fibrous, globular, intermediate
COMPOSITION proteins: Based entirely
on the composition of the protein - correct answer-✅simple, conjugated
Fibrous protein - correct answer-✅Insoluble, long polymer fibers, forms structural components of cells,
ex: collagen
Globular protein - correct answer-✅Soluble, folded tightly, performs
many functions, ex: albumin
Intermediate protein - correct answer-✅Soluble, fiber shaped, perform
many functions, ex: fibrinogen
Simple protein - correct answer-✅Made only of amino acids, ex: albumin
Conjugated protein - correct answer-✅Made of amino acids + non-protein components ex: hemoglobin,
lipoprotein (HDL/LDL)
primary structure (of a protein) - correct answer-✅Amino acid chain
secondary structure (of a protein) - correct answer-✅α-Helices and β-Sheets, caused by hydrogen
bonding
tertiary structure (of a protein) - correct answer-✅3D structure due to non-covalent interactions
between the R-groups of amino acids
quaternary structure (of a protein) - correct answer-✅3D structure from the grouping of two or more
peptide chains, ex: DNA
