How is the shape of a red blood cell important to its function?
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enables oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse across the RBC's plasma
membrane more readily.
,Describe the pathway of the cardiac conduction system.
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Cardiac conduction system controls the heart rate. This system generates
electrical impulses and conducts them throughout the muscle of the heart,
stimulating the heart to contract and pump blood. Cardiac conduction system
is composed of a group of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the
heart. Crucial components of the cardiac conduction system are the sino-
atrial (SA) node, the atrioventricular (AV) node, the bundle of His, the left and
right bundle branches and the Purkinje fibers. Cardiac impulse is initiated in
the sinoatrial node ( a small mass of tissue, situated in the wall of the right
atrium) by spontaneous depolarization and sympathetic activity. Cells of the
SA node are specialized to undergo spontaneous depolarization and
generation of action potentials on their's own. From the SA node impulse
spreads throughout the atria through internodal pathways to the AV node
(located in the inferior part of the interatrial septum). Once the cardiac
impulse reaches the AV node, it passes into a group of large conduction
fibers that make up the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His). The AV bundle
enters the interventricular septum and divides into two atrioventricular bundle
branches, commonly called the left and right bundle branches, which
descend and reach the apex of the heart, where they connect with the
Purkinje fibers. These larger fibers spread the impulse to the myocardial
contractile cells in the ventricles, and extend throughout the myocardium
from the apex of the heart toward the atrioventricular septum and the base of
the heart. Contraction begins at the apex, travels toward the base of the
heart, pushing the blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Growth Hormone (GH)
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, Produced by: Anterior pituitary Released from: Hypothalamus
Target: All tissues
Controlled by: GH-releasing hormones and somatostatin from the
hypothalamus
Body affect: Growth; carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism
How does an autoimmune disease work?
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An autoimmune disease arises when the body's cells lose their ability to
distinguish between self and non-self antigens. When this happens, the body
mounts an immune response against what is really healthy tissue, (but they
think is a foreign particle), and the body attacks itself causing tissue, organ,
and joint damage as well as pain, fever, and swelling.
Ovary hormones
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Oestrogens-> reproductive organs-> reproductive development; also has
effects on oestrus behavior
Progesterone-> Uterus-> uterine condition
Describe the thymus and its role in immunity.
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, The thymus is a soft, bi-lobed gland enclosed in a connective tissue capsule.
It is the place where T cells mature.
adrenal cortex hormones
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Cortisol/ corticosterone-> all tissues-> Metabolism; response to stress and
exercise
What antigens can be found on RBC?
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Antigens A, B, AB, or none (O).
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
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enables oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse across the RBC's plasma
membrane more readily.
,Describe the pathway of the cardiac conduction system.
Give this one a try later!
Cardiac conduction system controls the heart rate. This system generates
electrical impulses and conducts them throughout the muscle of the heart,
stimulating the heart to contract and pump blood. Cardiac conduction system
is composed of a group of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the
heart. Crucial components of the cardiac conduction system are the sino-
atrial (SA) node, the atrioventricular (AV) node, the bundle of His, the left and
right bundle branches and the Purkinje fibers. Cardiac impulse is initiated in
the sinoatrial node ( a small mass of tissue, situated in the wall of the right
atrium) by spontaneous depolarization and sympathetic activity. Cells of the
SA node are specialized to undergo spontaneous depolarization and
generation of action potentials on their's own. From the SA node impulse
spreads throughout the atria through internodal pathways to the AV node
(located in the inferior part of the interatrial septum). Once the cardiac
impulse reaches the AV node, it passes into a group of large conduction
fibers that make up the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His). The AV bundle
enters the interventricular septum and divides into two atrioventricular bundle
branches, commonly called the left and right bundle branches, which
descend and reach the apex of the heart, where they connect with the
Purkinje fibers. These larger fibers spread the impulse to the myocardial
contractile cells in the ventricles, and extend throughout the myocardium
from the apex of the heart toward the atrioventricular septum and the base of
the heart. Contraction begins at the apex, travels toward the base of the
heart, pushing the blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Growth Hormone (GH)
Give this one a try later!
, Produced by: Anterior pituitary Released from: Hypothalamus
Target: All tissues
Controlled by: GH-releasing hormones and somatostatin from the
hypothalamus
Body affect: Growth; carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism
How does an autoimmune disease work?
Give this one a try later!
An autoimmune disease arises when the body's cells lose their ability to
distinguish between self and non-self antigens. When this happens, the body
mounts an immune response against what is really healthy tissue, (but they
think is a foreign particle), and the body attacks itself causing tissue, organ,
and joint damage as well as pain, fever, and swelling.
Ovary hormones
Give this one a try later!
Oestrogens-> reproductive organs-> reproductive development; also has
effects on oestrus behavior
Progesterone-> Uterus-> uterine condition
Describe the thymus and its role in immunity.
Give this one a try later!
, The thymus is a soft, bi-lobed gland enclosed in a connective tissue capsule.
It is the place where T cells mature.
adrenal cortex hormones
Give this one a try later!
Cortisol/ corticosterone-> all tissues-> Metabolism; response to stress and
exercise
What antigens can be found on RBC?
Give this one a try later!
Antigens A, B, AB, or none (O).
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Give this one a try later!
