AACN PCCN Review questions with correct
answers,21
Functions of the kidneys - verified answers; a. Excretion of Metabolic Wastes
b. Urine Formation
c. Acid-Base Balance Regulation
d. Electrolyte Regulation
e. Fluid Regulation
f. Blood Pressure Regulation
g. Erythropoietin Secretion/Anemia Regulation
How are the kidneys related to anemia - verified answers; Erythropoietin Secretion/Anemia
Regulation
Low 02 --> kidneys stimulate hormone production of Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin go to bone marrow --> stimulate Stem Cells to turn into red blood cells -->
increase 02 carrying capacity
This is why COPD patients have higher H&H
WHY renal failure patients are anemic
Epoetin, Procrit,--> synthetic forms of the hormone to help stimulate bone marrow to become
stem cells and produce Red blood cells
,Blood work to assess renal function - verified answers; Blood Urea Nitrogen
Creatinine
Serum Electrolytes
Hgb & Hct
Serum Albumin
Serum Osmolality
Renal function tests - verified answers; b. Urine Assessment
Volume & Concentration
Urinalysis
Renal Clearance Studies
c. Diagnostic Tests
KUB X-ray
Renal Arteriography
IVP
CT
Ultrasound
Biopsy
Acute versus Chronic Renal Failure - verified answers; a. Acute renal failure affects many body
systems.
b. Chronic renal failure affects EVERY body system
New names: Acute Kidney Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease (replacing failure for disease)
Chronic Kidney Disease - verified answers; Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is a permanent,
irreversible condition in which the kidneys cease
, to remove metabolic wastes and excessive water from the blood. (ESRF, ESRD, CRD, CKD)
Azotemia - verified answers; Nitrogenous Waste Products in the Bloodstream
Uremic Syndrome - verified answers; Systemic and Laboratory Manifestations of ESRD
Stages of Renal Failure - verified answers; 1. Diminished Renal Reserve
2. Renal Insufficiency
3. End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) - Affects every system in the body
Renal Failure Medcations - verified answers; hypertensive drugs
phosphate binder --> RF has high phosphate levels
Calcium supplement --> when phosphate goes up, calcium goes down
Bicarbonate
all drugs just treat symptoms
Acute Kidney Disease - verified answers; A sudden deterioration in renal function usually
associated with the loss of the kidney's ability to concentrated urine, as well as the retention
and accumulation of nitrogen wastes.
Acute Kidney Disease pathophysiology - verified answers; Decreased Glomerular Filtration
Rate --> Interstitial Inflammatory Changes --> Tubular Lumen Obstruction --> Oliguric < 400
mL/day
Some patients can be non-Oliguric, Large Amt of Dilute Urine
answers,21
Functions of the kidneys - verified answers; a. Excretion of Metabolic Wastes
b. Urine Formation
c. Acid-Base Balance Regulation
d. Electrolyte Regulation
e. Fluid Regulation
f. Blood Pressure Regulation
g. Erythropoietin Secretion/Anemia Regulation
How are the kidneys related to anemia - verified answers; Erythropoietin Secretion/Anemia
Regulation
Low 02 --> kidneys stimulate hormone production of Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin go to bone marrow --> stimulate Stem Cells to turn into red blood cells -->
increase 02 carrying capacity
This is why COPD patients have higher H&H
WHY renal failure patients are anemic
Epoetin, Procrit,--> synthetic forms of the hormone to help stimulate bone marrow to become
stem cells and produce Red blood cells
,Blood work to assess renal function - verified answers; Blood Urea Nitrogen
Creatinine
Serum Electrolytes
Hgb & Hct
Serum Albumin
Serum Osmolality
Renal function tests - verified answers; b. Urine Assessment
Volume & Concentration
Urinalysis
Renal Clearance Studies
c. Diagnostic Tests
KUB X-ray
Renal Arteriography
IVP
CT
Ultrasound
Biopsy
Acute versus Chronic Renal Failure - verified answers; a. Acute renal failure affects many body
systems.
b. Chronic renal failure affects EVERY body system
New names: Acute Kidney Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease (replacing failure for disease)
Chronic Kidney Disease - verified answers; Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is a permanent,
irreversible condition in which the kidneys cease
, to remove metabolic wastes and excessive water from the blood. (ESRF, ESRD, CRD, CKD)
Azotemia - verified answers; Nitrogenous Waste Products in the Bloodstream
Uremic Syndrome - verified answers; Systemic and Laboratory Manifestations of ESRD
Stages of Renal Failure - verified answers; 1. Diminished Renal Reserve
2. Renal Insufficiency
3. End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) - Affects every system in the body
Renal Failure Medcations - verified answers; hypertensive drugs
phosphate binder --> RF has high phosphate levels
Calcium supplement --> when phosphate goes up, calcium goes down
Bicarbonate
all drugs just treat symptoms
Acute Kidney Disease - verified answers; A sudden deterioration in renal function usually
associated with the loss of the kidney's ability to concentrated urine, as well as the retention
and accumulation of nitrogen wastes.
Acute Kidney Disease pathophysiology - verified answers; Decreased Glomerular Filtration
Rate --> Interstitial Inflammatory Changes --> Tubular Lumen Obstruction --> Oliguric < 400
mL/day
Some patients can be non-Oliguric, Large Amt of Dilute Urine
