NAVLE Canine Exam 253 Questions with Verified Answers
c. The teeth are brown due to the formation of tertiary dentin, which stains easily
Aggressive chewing of things like rocks, tennis balls, cage bars, etc. causes
abrasion of dentin. Tertiary dentin, which is produced as a response to the
wearing of the teeth stains easily. Tertiary dentin will usually prevent the
exposure of the pulp cavity unless its production cannot keep up with its rapid
wear - CORRECT ANSWER A 5-year-old male castrated English Springer Spaniel
presents for a dental exam. The dog has a history of aggressive chewing on tennis
balls and frisbees. The oral exam reveals brown, worn-down incisors, canines, and
premolars. The dog is otherwise normal and healthy. What is the cause for the
teeth turning brown?
a. The dog was probably given tetracycline antibiotics as a puppy, which causes a
permanent brown discoloration of teeth
b. The excessive chewing has worn away the enamel of the teeth. The underlying
dentin is naturally brown
c. The teeth are brown due to the formation of tertiary dentin, which stains easily
d. Excessive chewing has predisposed to the teeth to infection. The brown
coloration is a sign of bacterial infection
a. Metronidazole
Typically, inflammatory bowel disease is characeterized histologically as
lymphoplasmacytic inflammation within the GI tract. Treatment is aimed at
suppressing the inflammation with glucocorticoid therapy (non NSAIDs), a novel
protein diet, and often times metronidazole, which is thought to have some
immunomodulatory effects.
Fenbedazole and sulfadimethoxine are anti-parasitic medications - CORRECT
ANSWER You are treating a dog for inflammatory bowel disease. He has done well
on a novel protein diet, but has more recently had more flare-ups. Which of the
following medication is a potential treatment for a dog with inflammatory bowel
disease?
,a. Metronidazole
b. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
c. Fenbendazole
d. Sulfadimethoxine
d. Increased folate, decreased cobalamin
The reason for this is that bacteria synthesize folate leading to decrease d
absorption of cobalamin. - CORRECT ANSWER When measuring Vitamin B12
(Cobalamin) and Folate leves in a dog with suspected small intestinal bacterial
overgrowth, which finding is most supportive of this diagnosis?
a. Decreased folate, increased cobalamin
b. Decreased folate, decreased cobalamin
c. Increased folate, increased cobalamin
d. Increased folate, decreased cobalamin
a. Parvoviral enteritis
Canine parvovirus commonly infects dogs 6 weeks-6 months of age. The key
clinical finding in this dog is the leukopenia, which is a common feature of
parvoviral infections but should not be seen in the other answer choices -
CORRECT ANSWER A 3-month-old Rottweiler is presented to you with acute onset
of diarrhea, vomiting, and depression. You workup reveals a temperature of
104.2F (40.1C), and has a WBC count of 750 cells/uL (5,000-14,000 cell/uL). What
is your top differential?
a. Parvoviral enteritis
b. Clostridial enterocolitis
c. Inflammatory bowel disease
d. Campylobacter infection
d. Oral surgeries cause significant bacteremia, which may be an endogenous
source of wound infection
,In an otherwise healthy dog, the increased length of anesthesia in combining two
procedures should not significantly increase the risk of anesthesia. The order in
which the procedures are performed does not eliminate the risk of infection
associated with the bacteremia. Changing gloves and instruments between
procedures helps maintain sterility exogenously, but does not eliminate risk of
infection associated with the endogenous bacteremia - CORRECT ANSWER Oral
surgery in conjunction with another elective surgery in an otherwise healthy dog
is usually not recommended for which of the following reasons?
a. There is no increased risk in performing both procedures, as long as a different
set of sterile gloves and instruments are used for each procedure
b. Combining two surgeries increases anesthetic time, making the one longer
procedure riskier than having two shorter, individual anesthetic procedures
c. There is no increased risk in doing both surgeries, as long as the oral procedure
is performed after the elective procedure
d. Oral surgeries cause significant bacteremia, which may be an endogenous
source of wound infection
b. High-calorie diet
Patients with megaesophagus should be fed in upright positions, at a 45 to 90
degree angle from the floor. Patients should stay in that position for 10-15
minutes after eating to give time for the food to properly settle in the stomach. It
is recommended to give these patients a high-calorie diet in a gruel or meatball
consistency depending on how the patient best keeps the food down. The high-
calorie diet allows less food volume - CORRECT ANSWER A 2-year-old male
castrated miniature schnauzer was presented for chronic vomiting. After careful
history-taking, you determine that the patient is actually regurgitating. Chest
radiographs reveal megaesophagus. The owners will not allow you to pursue
additional testing, but they are willing to make some modifications at home to
help alleviate some of the regurgitation. What kind of diet should they feed?
a. Low-salt diet
b. High-calorie diet
c. High-fiber diet
d. Low-calcium diet
e. Low-fat diet
, e. Intravenous fluids
Pookie's history, physical exam, and lab work are consistent with hemorrhagic
gastroenteritis (HGE), a severe form of GI disease that is very common among
small dogs. Aggressive fluid therapy is extremely important for these patients to
prevent shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and renal failure. An
abnormally high PCV can be a good indicator of this disease if there is a history of
blood diarrhea. Anti-nausea and gastroprotective medications may help the
patient to feel better, but aggressive fluid therapy is the most important
treatment for these patients. Maropitant is an anti-emetic. Famotidine is a
gastroprotectant used to raise the pH in the stomach. Fenbendazole is a
dewormer medication. Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic - CORRECT
ANSWER Pookie, a 2 year-old female spayed poodle mix, was presented to your
hospital for acute severe vomiting and bloody diarrhea. The owner notes that
Pookie recently got into the trash. On physical exam, you find Pookie is
dehydrated, uncomfortable on abdominal palpation, and has hematochezia on
rectal exam. You run a complete blood count and chemistry panel and find a PCV
of 60% (36-50%) and total protein of 6.0 (5.5-7.3 g/dL). A urinalysis is
unremarkable. Abdominal radiographs show no evidence of obstruction. A fecal
float is negative. What is the most important treatment for the suspected
diagnosis for this patient?
a. Maropitant
b. Fenbendazole
c. Famotidine
d. Enrofloxacin
e. Intravenous fluids
d. Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
Gastric outflow obstruction leads to emesis of material with a high concentration
of gastric hydrochloric acid. As a result, there is loss of chloride and acid from the
body. This leaves the animal with hypocholemia and metabolic alkalosis. Vomiting
from other causes can sometimes lead to loss of duodenal fluid, which is usually
rich in bicarbonate and can lead to acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER What would you
c. The teeth are brown due to the formation of tertiary dentin, which stains easily
Aggressive chewing of things like rocks, tennis balls, cage bars, etc. causes
abrasion of dentin. Tertiary dentin, which is produced as a response to the
wearing of the teeth stains easily. Tertiary dentin will usually prevent the
exposure of the pulp cavity unless its production cannot keep up with its rapid
wear - CORRECT ANSWER A 5-year-old male castrated English Springer Spaniel
presents for a dental exam. The dog has a history of aggressive chewing on tennis
balls and frisbees. The oral exam reveals brown, worn-down incisors, canines, and
premolars. The dog is otherwise normal and healthy. What is the cause for the
teeth turning brown?
a. The dog was probably given tetracycline antibiotics as a puppy, which causes a
permanent brown discoloration of teeth
b. The excessive chewing has worn away the enamel of the teeth. The underlying
dentin is naturally brown
c. The teeth are brown due to the formation of tertiary dentin, which stains easily
d. Excessive chewing has predisposed to the teeth to infection. The brown
coloration is a sign of bacterial infection
a. Metronidazole
Typically, inflammatory bowel disease is characeterized histologically as
lymphoplasmacytic inflammation within the GI tract. Treatment is aimed at
suppressing the inflammation with glucocorticoid therapy (non NSAIDs), a novel
protein diet, and often times metronidazole, which is thought to have some
immunomodulatory effects.
Fenbedazole and sulfadimethoxine are anti-parasitic medications - CORRECT
ANSWER You are treating a dog for inflammatory bowel disease. He has done well
on a novel protein diet, but has more recently had more flare-ups. Which of the
following medication is a potential treatment for a dog with inflammatory bowel
disease?
,a. Metronidazole
b. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
c. Fenbendazole
d. Sulfadimethoxine
d. Increased folate, decreased cobalamin
The reason for this is that bacteria synthesize folate leading to decrease d
absorption of cobalamin. - CORRECT ANSWER When measuring Vitamin B12
(Cobalamin) and Folate leves in a dog with suspected small intestinal bacterial
overgrowth, which finding is most supportive of this diagnosis?
a. Decreased folate, increased cobalamin
b. Decreased folate, decreased cobalamin
c. Increased folate, increased cobalamin
d. Increased folate, decreased cobalamin
a. Parvoviral enteritis
Canine parvovirus commonly infects dogs 6 weeks-6 months of age. The key
clinical finding in this dog is the leukopenia, which is a common feature of
parvoviral infections but should not be seen in the other answer choices -
CORRECT ANSWER A 3-month-old Rottweiler is presented to you with acute onset
of diarrhea, vomiting, and depression. You workup reveals a temperature of
104.2F (40.1C), and has a WBC count of 750 cells/uL (5,000-14,000 cell/uL). What
is your top differential?
a. Parvoviral enteritis
b. Clostridial enterocolitis
c. Inflammatory bowel disease
d. Campylobacter infection
d. Oral surgeries cause significant bacteremia, which may be an endogenous
source of wound infection
,In an otherwise healthy dog, the increased length of anesthesia in combining two
procedures should not significantly increase the risk of anesthesia. The order in
which the procedures are performed does not eliminate the risk of infection
associated with the bacteremia. Changing gloves and instruments between
procedures helps maintain sterility exogenously, but does not eliminate risk of
infection associated with the endogenous bacteremia - CORRECT ANSWER Oral
surgery in conjunction with another elective surgery in an otherwise healthy dog
is usually not recommended for which of the following reasons?
a. There is no increased risk in performing both procedures, as long as a different
set of sterile gloves and instruments are used for each procedure
b. Combining two surgeries increases anesthetic time, making the one longer
procedure riskier than having two shorter, individual anesthetic procedures
c. There is no increased risk in doing both surgeries, as long as the oral procedure
is performed after the elective procedure
d. Oral surgeries cause significant bacteremia, which may be an endogenous
source of wound infection
b. High-calorie diet
Patients with megaesophagus should be fed in upright positions, at a 45 to 90
degree angle from the floor. Patients should stay in that position for 10-15
minutes after eating to give time for the food to properly settle in the stomach. It
is recommended to give these patients a high-calorie diet in a gruel or meatball
consistency depending on how the patient best keeps the food down. The high-
calorie diet allows less food volume - CORRECT ANSWER A 2-year-old male
castrated miniature schnauzer was presented for chronic vomiting. After careful
history-taking, you determine that the patient is actually regurgitating. Chest
radiographs reveal megaesophagus. The owners will not allow you to pursue
additional testing, but they are willing to make some modifications at home to
help alleviate some of the regurgitation. What kind of diet should they feed?
a. Low-salt diet
b. High-calorie diet
c. High-fiber diet
d. Low-calcium diet
e. Low-fat diet
, e. Intravenous fluids
Pookie's history, physical exam, and lab work are consistent with hemorrhagic
gastroenteritis (HGE), a severe form of GI disease that is very common among
small dogs. Aggressive fluid therapy is extremely important for these patients to
prevent shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and renal failure. An
abnormally high PCV can be a good indicator of this disease if there is a history of
blood diarrhea. Anti-nausea and gastroprotective medications may help the
patient to feel better, but aggressive fluid therapy is the most important
treatment for these patients. Maropitant is an anti-emetic. Famotidine is a
gastroprotectant used to raise the pH in the stomach. Fenbendazole is a
dewormer medication. Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic - CORRECT
ANSWER Pookie, a 2 year-old female spayed poodle mix, was presented to your
hospital for acute severe vomiting and bloody diarrhea. The owner notes that
Pookie recently got into the trash. On physical exam, you find Pookie is
dehydrated, uncomfortable on abdominal palpation, and has hematochezia on
rectal exam. You run a complete blood count and chemistry panel and find a PCV
of 60% (36-50%) and total protein of 6.0 (5.5-7.3 g/dL). A urinalysis is
unremarkable. Abdominal radiographs show no evidence of obstruction. A fecal
float is negative. What is the most important treatment for the suspected
diagnosis for this patient?
a. Maropitant
b. Fenbendazole
c. Famotidine
d. Enrofloxacin
e. Intravenous fluids
d. Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
Gastric outflow obstruction leads to emesis of material with a high concentration
of gastric hydrochloric acid. As a result, there is loss of chloride and acid from the
body. This leaves the animal with hypocholemia and metabolic alkalosis. Vomiting
from other causes can sometimes lead to loss of duodenal fluid, which is usually
rich in bicarbonate and can lead to acidosis - CORRECT ANSWER What would you
