Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Body Forces - ✔✔Forces acting throughout a volume of material.
Equations of Equilibrium - ✔✔Mathematical expressions ensuring force balance.
Constitutive Models - ✔✔Stress-strain relationships for material behavior.
Mohr-Coulomb Criterion - ✔✔A yield function for shear strength analysis.
Hardening Law - ✔✔Describes yield stress increase with plastic strain.
Young's Modulus (E) - ✔✔Measure of material stiffness under uniaxial stress.
Poisson's Ratio (ν) - ✔✔Ratio of lateral strain to axial strain.
Shear Strength - ✔✔Resistance of soil to shear stress.
Cohesion Intercept - ✔✔Y-intercept of the shear strength vs. normal stress plot.
Angle of Shear Resistance - ✔✔Slope of the shear strength vs. normal stress plot.
Undrained Strength - ✔✔Soil strength without drainage during loading.
Drained Strength - ✔✔Soil strength with drainage during loading.
Direct Shear Box Test - ✔✔Test measuring shear strength under controlled conditions.
Triaxial Test - ✔✔Test measuring soil strength under controlled drainage.
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, Effective Stress - ✔✔Stress that contributes to soil strength and stability.
Pore Water Pressure - ✔✔Pressure of water within soil pores.
Stress Invariants - ✔✔Quantities representing stress states independent of orientation.
Principal Stresses - ✔✔Maximum and minimum normal stresses at a point.
Mean Stress Invariant - ✔✔Average of principal stresses affecting volume change.
Deviatoric Stress - ✔✔Difference between the maximum and minimum principal
stresses.
Interlocking - ✔✔Resistance due to particle arrangement and shape.
Consolidation - ✔✔Process of volume change due to pore pressure dissipation.
Oedometer Test - ✔✔Test measuring soil consolidation under vertical loading.
Back Pressure - ✔✔Pressure applied to control effective stress during testing.
High Permeability - ✔✔Ability of soil to transmit water easily.
Well-Graded Soils - ✔✔Soils with a range of particle sizes for density.
Angular Particles - ✔✔Soil particles with sharp edges enhancing interlocking.
Soil strength - ✔✔Comes from particle interlock (measured by dilatancy), friction
resistance between particles (true angle of friction) and work required to rearrange
particles.
Maximum angle of shearing resistance - ✔✔Reduces with increasing effective normal
stress.
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