1. A nurse is administering a dose of phenytoin to a client
with seizures. The nurse should monitor the client for which
of the following adverse effects?
A. Gingival hyperplasia
B. Weight loss
C. Tremors
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: a) Gingival hyperplasia
Rationale: Phenytoin is associated with gingival
hyperplasia, an overgrowth of the gum tissue, as a common
adverse effect.
2. A nurse is providing education to a client prescribed
atorvastatin. Which of the following statements indicates a
need for further teaching?
A. "I will avoid grapefruit while taking this medication."
B. "I should report any muscle pain or weakness to my
provider."
C. "I can stop the medication once my cholesterol levels are
normal."
D. "I will have regular liver function tests."
Answer: c) "I can stop the medication once my cholesterol
levels are normal."
Rationale: Atorvastatin should be continued indefinitely to
manage cholesterol levels. Stopping the medication may
lead to an increase in cholesterol levels.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of naloxone to a
client with opioid overdose. Which of the following actions
should the nurse take?
,A. Monitor the client for respiratory depression after
administration.
B. Administer the drug subcutaneously for faster action.
C. Administer naloxone only if the client is unresponsive to
pain stimuli.
D. Monitor for an increased heart rate as a sign of
effectiveness.
Answer: a) Monitor the client for respiratory depression
after administration.
Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse
opioid toxicity. After administration, the nurse should
monitor the client for signs of respiratory depression and
the need for additional doses.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving lisinopril for
hypertension. The nurse should monitor the client for which
of the following adverse effects?
A. Weight loss
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Dehydration
Answer: b) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause
hyperkalemia due to its effect on aldosterone secretion. The
nurse should monitor potassium levels.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of insulin to a
client with type 1 diabetes. The nurse should monitor for
which of the following signs of hypoglycemia?
A. Increased urination
B. Increased thirst
C. Sweating and shakiness
, D. Nausea and vomiting
Answer: c) Sweating and shakiness
Rationale: Signs of hypoglycemia include sweating,
shakiness, confusion, and dizziness. The nurse should
monitor for these symptoms and provide treatment as
needed.
6. A nurse is caring for a client receiving the antibiotic
gentamicin. The nurse should monitor the client for which of
the following adverse effects?
A. Ototoxicity
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: a) Ototoxicity
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, can
cause ototoxicity, leading to hearing loss or tinnitus. The
nurse should monitor the client's hearing.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed an opioid
analgesic for pain management. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care to
prevent constipation?
A. Increase fluid intake
B. Restrict dietary fiber
C. Administer a laxative with each dose of medication
D. Encourage a low-protein diet
Answer: a) Increase fluid intake
Rationale: Opioids can cause constipation, and increasing
fluid intake and dietary fiber can help prevent this adverse
effect.
with seizures. The nurse should monitor the client for which
of the following adverse effects?
A. Gingival hyperplasia
B. Weight loss
C. Tremors
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: a) Gingival hyperplasia
Rationale: Phenytoin is associated with gingival
hyperplasia, an overgrowth of the gum tissue, as a common
adverse effect.
2. A nurse is providing education to a client prescribed
atorvastatin. Which of the following statements indicates a
need for further teaching?
A. "I will avoid grapefruit while taking this medication."
B. "I should report any muscle pain or weakness to my
provider."
C. "I can stop the medication once my cholesterol levels are
normal."
D. "I will have regular liver function tests."
Answer: c) "I can stop the medication once my cholesterol
levels are normal."
Rationale: Atorvastatin should be continued indefinitely to
manage cholesterol levels. Stopping the medication may
lead to an increase in cholesterol levels.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of naloxone to a
client with opioid overdose. Which of the following actions
should the nurse take?
,A. Monitor the client for respiratory depression after
administration.
B. Administer the drug subcutaneously for faster action.
C. Administer naloxone only if the client is unresponsive to
pain stimuli.
D. Monitor for an increased heart rate as a sign of
effectiveness.
Answer: a) Monitor the client for respiratory depression
after administration.
Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse
opioid toxicity. After administration, the nurse should
monitor the client for signs of respiratory depression and
the need for additional doses.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving lisinopril for
hypertension. The nurse should monitor the client for which
of the following adverse effects?
A. Weight loss
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Dehydration
Answer: b) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause
hyperkalemia due to its effect on aldosterone secretion. The
nurse should monitor potassium levels.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of insulin to a
client with type 1 diabetes. The nurse should monitor for
which of the following signs of hypoglycemia?
A. Increased urination
B. Increased thirst
C. Sweating and shakiness
, D. Nausea and vomiting
Answer: c) Sweating and shakiness
Rationale: Signs of hypoglycemia include sweating,
shakiness, confusion, and dizziness. The nurse should
monitor for these symptoms and provide treatment as
needed.
6. A nurse is caring for a client receiving the antibiotic
gentamicin. The nurse should monitor the client for which of
the following adverse effects?
A. Ototoxicity
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperkalemia
Answer: a) Ototoxicity
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, can
cause ototoxicity, leading to hearing loss or tinnitus. The
nurse should monitor the client's hearing.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed an opioid
analgesic for pain management. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care to
prevent constipation?
A. Increase fluid intake
B. Restrict dietary fiber
C. Administer a laxative with each dose of medication
D. Encourage a low-protein diet
Answer: a) Increase fluid intake
Rationale: Opioids can cause constipation, and increasing
fluid intake and dietary fiber can help prevent this adverse
effect.
