6660 final Questions and Answers

6660 final Questions and Answers What is the purpose of conceptual models? To articulate professional role identity and function - In practice, to conceptualize delivery of holistic, comprehensive, collaborative care. To differentiate among levels of nursing practice. -In research, to guide research and theory development. -In education, to plan curricula What are the two different types of role conflicts? Role conflict: role expectations are perceived to be contradictory or mutually exclusive Intraprofessional Role Conflict • Communication difficulties at organizational level, in educational programs, in literature, and in direct clinical practice • Nurse-NP conflict can be minimized by (1) orienting staff nurses to APRN role and providing guidelines regarding responsibility issues and (2) allowing new APRNs to establish rapport with nurses by learning about new setting from them Interprofessional Role Conflict • Between physicians and APRN because of perceived threat of competition, lack of experience working together, historical hierarchy What types of actions by the advanced practice nurse (APN) shows public policy advocacy? Public policy focused Changes in the health‐care delivery system. Build common ‒ground around scope of practice and other issues in policy and practice; Expand efforts and opportunities for interprofessional collaboration and leadership development for nurses; Promote involvement of nurses in redesign of care delivery and payment systems Public policy advocacy in the context of Advanced Practice Nurse (APN), is where nurses use the opportunity they have to talk to people higher in the authority about the problems faced by their patients. This thus makes them useful people in the processes of making of policies. The channels include the ones discussed below. The Goldmark Report in 1923 resulted in what recommendation? Rockefeller foundation supported formation of the committee for the study of nursing education. Increase educational standards in nursing schools. Move educational programs to universities. Focus student time on education vs. staffing hospitals. Require nurse educators to have advanced education. This report identified that hospital-based training programs were inadequate - putting needs of the institution before the needs of the students. Concluded that nursing education should occur in the university setting and that the learning needs of nursing students should have precedence over the hospital's need for workers What are quality indicators? What are some examples of government agencies that have linked reimbursement to quality indicators? APRNs that are examining quality indicators to generate revenue know that outcome data has been linked to reimbursement to quality indicators. What model defines the APN role? The Consensus Model What is central competency for advanced practice nursing? Direct clinical practice: first core competency, informs all of the others - defines advanced practice nursing - provides the foundation necessary for APNs to execute the other competencies, such as consultation, guidance, and coaching, and leadership within organizations - although clinical expertise is a central ingredient of an APN's practice, the direct care practice of APNs is distinguished by 6 characteristics: 1. use of holistic perspective 2. formation of therapeutic partnership w/patients 3. expert clinical performance 4. use of reflective practice 5. use of evidence as a guide to practice 6. use of diverse approaches to health and illness management - these characteristics distinguish the practice of the expert by experience from that of the APN Negotiation, compromise, and collaboration can minimize or resolve what? conflict The first specialty area of nursing in the United States was? Nurse anesthesia The goals of professional APN organizations are to: establish clear characteristics of advanced practice, provide for safe patient care, and to interpret components of clear and competent levels of behavior What are the types of quality outcomes related to the APN role? traditional structural process The first recognized clinical specialty in nursing was? psychiatric nursing The goal of the CNS is to be a clinical expert who provides direct patient care to patient with complex health problem The first nurse practitioner was Thelma Ingles (pediatric NP) ______ started the first CNS educational program and defined the patient/nurse relationship. Hildegard Peplau (in 1954) _____ established the first pediatric nurse practitioner program at the University of Colorado Loretta Ford, RN & Henry Silver, MD (in 1965) What does veracity mean? "Duty to tell the truth & not deceive others" legal principle that states that a health professional should be honest and give full disclosure to the patient, abstain from misrepresentation or deceit, and report known lapses of the standards of care to the proper agencies What does non maleficence mean? Principle of bioethics that asserts an obligation not to inflict harm intentionally. It is useful in dealing with terminally ill/injured. What does beneficence mean? The natural inclination of a person to act to achieve that which is beneficial and to avoid what is harmful. This implies rational self-interest as the basis of the nurse-patient interaction. An obligation to act to benefit others and to maximize possible benefits. An ethical principle stating that one should promote actions that do good. 1. The four classic concepts of marketing are? 1. Product: the entity that is offered to the market 2. price: the amount of money that the individual will be asked to pay for the product 3. place: accessibility and the various tasks necessary to make the product more available to the market 4. Promotion: encompasses those activities that communicate the value of the product to the market The steps in Lewin's Freezing Model include? (also called change theory) (this 3 step model is designed to help leaders make a change in their organization with minimal disruption to operations and with the intention of helping the change remain permanent) 1. Unfreeze: helping people to unlearn bad habits & prepare to accept change 2. Change: implementation of change may see chaos ensue but this is necessary for enhanced effectiveness 3. Freeze (or refreeze): making the change permanent by allowing people time to thrive in the new organization prior to implementing anymore changes How often are APNs required to be recertified? National certification lasts 5-8 yrs & requires the candidate be retested unless the established didactic and clinical parameters are met - Must fill CE requirements Certification validates the minimum level of ______? Primary vehicle used by state boards of nursing to ensure a basic measure of competence mandatory requirement for APNs to obtain and maintain credentialing in most states To meet Medicare's coverage requirements, the nurse practitioner's services must be Provided subject to state restrictions & supervision requirements Medically necessary, covers, have just cause, & correct codes - reasonable & necessary - legally authorized in the state in which they will be performed - not otherwise precluded due to a statutory exclusion - performed in collaboration w/physician While many schools of nursing moved their APN education to the doctoral level, which group has mandated preparation at the doctoral level for entry into practice? Nurse Anesthetists - doctor of nurse anesthesia (DNAP) What are the 5 primary roles of the APN? researcher expert clinician educator leader consultant