1. Case Study: A 35-year-old male presents with a persistent cough
and hemoptysis. He is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Pulmonary tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Asthma
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with symptoms such as a persistent cough and
hemoptysis (coughing up blood).
2. Case Study: A 50-year-old male complains of frequent urination,
nocturia, and difficulty starting urination. Digital rectal
examination reveals an enlarged prostate.
Question: What is the most likely cause of this patient’s
symptoms?
A. Prostate cancer
B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
C. Urinary tract infection
D. Bladder cancer
Answer: B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Rationale: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is common in older males
and causes urinary symptoms due to the enlarged prostate
obstructing the urethra.
3. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
,B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.
4. Case Study: A 30-year-old male complains of increased thirst,
frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal high blood
glucose levels.
Question: Which organ is most responsible for regulating the
patient’s blood glucose levels?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidneys
D. Heart
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which is responsible for
regulating blood glucose levels. In this patient, a lack of insulin or
insulin resistance could explain the symptoms of high blood
glucose.
5. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with joint pain,
fatigue, and a red rash on her cheeks and nose.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Psoriatic arthritis
D. Gout
Answer: A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that often presents with
a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose,
, along with joint pain and fatigue.
6. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
presents with sudden loss of vision in one eye.
Question: What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?
A. Retinal detachment
B. Cataract
C. Glaucoma
D. Macular degeneration
Answer: A. Retinal detachment
Rationale: Retinal detachment can cause sudden, painless vision
loss in one eye, often accompanied by flashing lights or a curtain-
like shadow.
7. Case Study: A 55-year-old male presents with severe, burning
chest pain after eating, particularly when lying down. He has a
history of acid reflux.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Peptic ulcer disease
B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
C. Heartburn
D. Angina pectoris
Answer: B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Rationale: GERD is commonly associated with heartburn and
burning chest pain, especially after eating or when lying down.
8. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with severe joint pain
and redness in her big toe.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Psoriatic arthritis
and hemoptysis. He is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Pulmonary tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Asthma
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with symptoms such as a persistent cough and
hemoptysis (coughing up blood).
2. Case Study: A 50-year-old male complains of frequent urination,
nocturia, and difficulty starting urination. Digital rectal
examination reveals an enlarged prostate.
Question: What is the most likely cause of this patient’s
symptoms?
A. Prostate cancer
B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
C. Urinary tract infection
D. Bladder cancer
Answer: B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Rationale: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is common in older males
and causes urinary symptoms due to the enlarged prostate
obstructing the urethra.
3. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
,B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.
4. Case Study: A 30-year-old male complains of increased thirst,
frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal high blood
glucose levels.
Question: Which organ is most responsible for regulating the
patient’s blood glucose levels?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidneys
D. Heart
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which is responsible for
regulating blood glucose levels. In this patient, a lack of insulin or
insulin resistance could explain the symptoms of high blood
glucose.
5. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with joint pain,
fatigue, and a red rash on her cheeks and nose.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Psoriatic arthritis
D. Gout
Answer: A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that often presents with
a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose,
, along with joint pain and fatigue.
6. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
presents with sudden loss of vision in one eye.
Question: What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?
A. Retinal detachment
B. Cataract
C. Glaucoma
D. Macular degeneration
Answer: A. Retinal detachment
Rationale: Retinal detachment can cause sudden, painless vision
loss in one eye, often accompanied by flashing lights or a curtain-
like shadow.
7. Case Study: A 55-year-old male presents with severe, burning
chest pain after eating, particularly when lying down. He has a
history of acid reflux.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Peptic ulcer disease
B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
C. Heartburn
D. Angina pectoris
Answer: B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Rationale: GERD is commonly associated with heartburn and
burning chest pain, especially after eating or when lying down.
8. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with severe joint pain
and redness in her big toe.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Psoriatic arthritis
