1. Case Study: A 45-year-old female presents with skin lesions,
fatigue, and joint pain. She also has a butterfly-shaped rash across
her cheeks.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Psoriasis
B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Eczema
Answer: B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: The butterfly-shaped rash, fatigue, and joint pain are
classic signs of systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune
disorder.
2. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
presents with sudden loss of vision in one eye.
Question: What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?
A. Retinal detachment
B. Cataract
C. Glaucoma
D. Macular degeneration
Answer: A. Retinal detachment
Rationale: Retinal detachment can cause sudden, painless vision
loss in one eye, often accompanied by flashing lights or a curtain-
like shadow.
3. Case Study: A 25-year-old female presents with fatigue, cold
intolerance, and weight gain. Laboratory tests show elevated TSH
levels and low T3 and T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
,C. Diabetes Mellitus
D. Addison's Disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms and lab results suggest
hypothyroidism, characterized by low thyroid hormone levels (T3
and T4) and elevated TSH as the body attempts to compensate.
4. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.
5. Case Study: A 22-year-old female presents with fatigue, pallor,
and shortness of breath. She has a history of heavy menstrual
periods.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Anemia due to iron deficiency
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Hemophilia
Answer: A. Anemia due to iron deficiency
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is common in women with heavy
menstrual bleeding and presents with symptoms like fatigue,
pallor, and shortness of breath.
, 6. Case Study: A 50-year-old male with a history of heart disease
presents with swelling in his legs and abdomen.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Cirrhosis
B. Heart failure
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Deep vein thrombosis
Answer: B. Heart failure
Rationale: Heart failure can cause fluid retention, leading to
peripheral edema (swelling of the legs) and ascites (swelling in the
abdomen).
7. Case Study: A 35-year-old male presents with a persistent cough
and hemoptysis. He is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Pulmonary tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Asthma
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with symptoms such as a persistent cough and
hemoptysis (coughing up blood).
8. Case Study: A 32-year-old female presents with irregular
menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison's disease
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
fatigue, and joint pain. She also has a butterfly-shaped rash across
her cheeks.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Psoriasis
B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Eczema
Answer: B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: The butterfly-shaped rash, fatigue, and joint pain are
classic signs of systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune
disorder.
2. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
presents with sudden loss of vision in one eye.
Question: What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?
A. Retinal detachment
B. Cataract
C. Glaucoma
D. Macular degeneration
Answer: A. Retinal detachment
Rationale: Retinal detachment can cause sudden, painless vision
loss in one eye, often accompanied by flashing lights or a curtain-
like shadow.
3. Case Study: A 25-year-old female presents with fatigue, cold
intolerance, and weight gain. Laboratory tests show elevated TSH
levels and low T3 and T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
,C. Diabetes Mellitus
D. Addison's Disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms and lab results suggest
hypothyroidism, characterized by low thyroid hormone levels (T3
and T4) and elevated TSH as the body attempts to compensate.
4. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.
5. Case Study: A 22-year-old female presents with fatigue, pallor,
and shortness of breath. She has a history of heavy menstrual
periods.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Anemia due to iron deficiency
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Hemophilia
Answer: A. Anemia due to iron deficiency
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is common in women with heavy
menstrual bleeding and presents with symptoms like fatigue,
pallor, and shortness of breath.
, 6. Case Study: A 50-year-old male with a history of heart disease
presents with swelling in his legs and abdomen.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Cirrhosis
B. Heart failure
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Deep vein thrombosis
Answer: B. Heart failure
Rationale: Heart failure can cause fluid retention, leading to
peripheral edema (swelling of the legs) and ascites (swelling in the
abdomen).
7. Case Study: A 35-year-old male presents with a persistent cough
and hemoptysis. He is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Pulmonary tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Asthma
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with symptoms such as a persistent cough and
hemoptysis (coughing up blood).
8. Case Study: A 32-year-old female presents with irregular
menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison's disease
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
