1. Case Study: A 40-year-old male presents with a history of
morning headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria. His lab results
show elevated cortisol levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Addison’s disease
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Acromegaly
Answer: B. Cushing’s syndrome
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome, caused by excessive cortisol
production, often presents with symptoms like morning
headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria.
2. Case Study: A 30-year-old male complains of increased thirst,
frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal high blood
glucose levels.
Question: Which organ is most responsible for regulating the
patient’s blood glucose levels?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidneys
D. Heart
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which is responsible for
regulating blood glucose levels. In this patient, a lack of insulin or
insulin resistance could explain the symptoms of high blood
glucose.
3. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with back pain and a
limited range of motion. His blood tests show high ESR
(erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
,Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Ankylosing spondylitis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Lumbar strain
Answer: B. Ankylosing spondylitis
Rationale: Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that
primarily affects the spine, causing back pain and stiffness. It is
associated with a high ESR.
4. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with severe joint pain
and redness in her big toe.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Psoriatic arthritis
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposition in joints,
most commonly the big toe, leading to sudden and severe pain,
redness, and swelling.
5. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
, hypertension and diabetes.
6. Case Study: A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis presents
with a hip fracture after a fall.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her fracture?
A. Trauma
B. Osteomalacia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Paget’s disease
Answer: C. Osteoporosis
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased
bone density, leading to increased fracture risk from minimal
trauma, such as a fall.
7. Case Study: A 45-year-old female presents with excessive thirst,
dry mouth, and frequent urination. Her blood glucose is elevated.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
symptoms?
A. Type 1 diabetes
B. Type 2 diabetes
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: B. Type 2 diabetes
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance,
leading to symptoms like excessive thirst, frequent urination, and
elevated blood glucose levels.
8. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
morning headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria. His lab results
show elevated cortisol levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Addison’s disease
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Acromegaly
Answer: B. Cushing’s syndrome
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome, caused by excessive cortisol
production, often presents with symptoms like morning
headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria.
2. Case Study: A 30-year-old male complains of increased thirst,
frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal high blood
glucose levels.
Question: Which organ is most responsible for regulating the
patient’s blood glucose levels?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidneys
D. Heart
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which is responsible for
regulating blood glucose levels. In this patient, a lack of insulin or
insulin resistance could explain the symptoms of high blood
glucose.
3. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with back pain and a
limited range of motion. His blood tests show high ESR
(erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
,Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Ankylosing spondylitis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Lumbar strain
Answer: B. Ankylosing spondylitis
Rationale: Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that
primarily affects the spine, causing back pain and stiffness. It is
associated with a high ESR.
4. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with severe joint pain
and redness in her big toe.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Psoriatic arthritis
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposition in joints,
most commonly the big toe, leading to sudden and severe pain,
redness, and swelling.
5. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
, hypertension and diabetes.
6. Case Study: A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis presents
with a hip fracture after a fall.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her fracture?
A. Trauma
B. Osteomalacia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Paget’s disease
Answer: C. Osteoporosis
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased
bone density, leading to increased fracture risk from minimal
trauma, such as a fall.
7. Case Study: A 45-year-old female presents with excessive thirst,
dry mouth, and frequent urination. Her blood glucose is elevated.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
symptoms?
A. Type 1 diabetes
B. Type 2 diabetes
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: B. Type 2 diabetes
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance,
leading to symptoms like excessive thirst, frequent urination, and
elevated blood glucose levels.
8. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
