1. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.
2. Case Study: A 50-year-old male with a history of smoking
presents with hoarseness and difficulty swallowing.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Laryngitis
B. Esophageal cancer
C. Lung cancer
D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Hoarseness and difficulty swallowing in a smoker could
indicate a malignant process, such as lung cancer, especially if
there is involvement of the larynx or surrounding structures.
3. Case Study: A 25-year-old male presents with persistent
headaches, visual disturbances, and an enlarged sella turcica on
imaging.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
findings?
A. Brain tumor
,B. Pituitary adenoma
C. Migraine
D. Sinusitis
Answer: B. Pituitary adenoma
Rationale: A pituitary adenoma can cause headaches, visual
disturbances (due to pressure on the optic chiasm), and
enlargement of the sella turcica, where the pituitary gland resides.
4. Case Study: A 22-year-old female presents with frequent
urination, especially at night, and a sense of urgency to urinate.
She also reports pain during urination.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
B. Bladder cancer
C. Interstitial cystitis
D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: A. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Rationale: The symptoms of frequent urination, urgency, and
dysuria (painful urination) are typical of a urinary tract infection.
5. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with acute severe
abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He has a history of alcohol
abuse.
Question: Which organ is most likely involved in this patient’s
symptoms?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Spleen
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis, which can be caused by alcohol
abuse, often presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and
vomiting.
, 6. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough. He has a history of
smoking and a family history of respiratory issues.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchitis
D. Asthma
Answer: A. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), is common in smokers and can cause shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough due to damage to the
alveoli in the lungs.
7. Case Study: A 50-year-old male with a history of heart disease
presents with swelling in his legs and abdomen.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Cirrhosis
B. Heart failure
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Deep vein thrombosis
Answer: B. Heart failure
Rationale: Heart failure can cause fluid retention, leading to
peripheral edema (swelling of the legs) and ascites (swelling in the
abdomen).
8. Case Study: A 35-year-old male with a history of high blood
pressure presents with a swollen, red right leg and pain when
walking.
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.
2. Case Study: A 50-year-old male with a history of smoking
presents with hoarseness and difficulty swallowing.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Laryngitis
B. Esophageal cancer
C. Lung cancer
D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Hoarseness and difficulty swallowing in a smoker could
indicate a malignant process, such as lung cancer, especially if
there is involvement of the larynx or surrounding structures.
3. Case Study: A 25-year-old male presents with persistent
headaches, visual disturbances, and an enlarged sella turcica on
imaging.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
findings?
A. Brain tumor
,B. Pituitary adenoma
C. Migraine
D. Sinusitis
Answer: B. Pituitary adenoma
Rationale: A pituitary adenoma can cause headaches, visual
disturbances (due to pressure on the optic chiasm), and
enlargement of the sella turcica, where the pituitary gland resides.
4. Case Study: A 22-year-old female presents with frequent
urination, especially at night, and a sense of urgency to urinate.
She also reports pain during urination.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
B. Bladder cancer
C. Interstitial cystitis
D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: A. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Rationale: The symptoms of frequent urination, urgency, and
dysuria (painful urination) are typical of a urinary tract infection.
5. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with acute severe
abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He has a history of alcohol
abuse.
Question: Which organ is most likely involved in this patient’s
symptoms?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Spleen
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis, which can be caused by alcohol
abuse, often presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and
vomiting.
, 6. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough. He has a history of
smoking and a family history of respiratory issues.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchitis
D. Asthma
Answer: A. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), is common in smokers and can cause shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough due to damage to the
alveoli in the lungs.
7. Case Study: A 50-year-old male with a history of heart disease
presents with swelling in his legs and abdomen.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Cirrhosis
B. Heart failure
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Deep vein thrombosis
Answer: B. Heart failure
Rationale: Heart failure can cause fluid retention, leading to
peripheral edema (swelling of the legs) and ascites (swelling in the
abdomen).
8. Case Study: A 35-year-old male with a history of high blood
pressure presents with a swollen, red right leg and pain when
walking.
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
