1. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
myocardial infarction (heart attack).
2. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with a slow-healing
ulcer on his foot, excessive thirst, and blurred vision. He has a
family history of diabetes.
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Addison’s disease
Answer: A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance
and can lead to slow-healing wounds, blurred vision, and excessive
thirst.
3. Case Study: A 40-year-old male presents with a history of
morning headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria. His lab results
show elevated cortisol levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Addison’s disease
,B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Acromegaly
Answer: B. Cushing’s syndrome
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome, caused by excessive cortisol
production, often presents with symptoms like morning
headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria.
4. Case Study: A 55-year-old male with a history of smoking
presents with shortness of breath and chronic cough that has
persisted for years. His oxygen saturation is low.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
Answer: B. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), often caused by smoking, and it presents with
chronic cough and shortness of breath.
5. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with muscle
weakness, fatigue, and a rash around her eyes.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Myasthenia gravis
B. Dermatomyositis
C. Lupus erythematosus
D. Multiple sclerosis
Answer: B. Dermatomyositis
Rationale: Dermatomyositis is characterized by muscle weakness
and a characteristic rash, often around the eyes (heliotrope rash).
, 6. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.
7. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a history of
chronic leg swelling and varicose veins. He also reports discomfort
in the affected area.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
C. Chronic venous insufficiency
D. Cellulitis
Answer: C. Chronic venous insufficiency
Rationale: Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the veins in
the legs are unable to pump blood back to the heart efficiently,
leading to swelling, varicose veins, and discomfort.
8. Case Study: A 28-year-old male presents with sudden severe
headache, nausea, and vomiting. His blood pressure is elevated,
and there is neck stiffness.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Migraine
B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
C. Tension headache
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
myocardial infarction (heart attack).
2. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with a slow-healing
ulcer on his foot, excessive thirst, and blurred vision. He has a
family history of diabetes.
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Addison’s disease
Answer: A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance
and can lead to slow-healing wounds, blurred vision, and excessive
thirst.
3. Case Study: A 40-year-old male presents with a history of
morning headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria. His lab results
show elevated cortisol levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Addison’s disease
,B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Acromegaly
Answer: B. Cushing’s syndrome
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome, caused by excessive cortisol
production, often presents with symptoms like morning
headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria.
4. Case Study: A 55-year-old male with a history of smoking
presents with shortness of breath and chronic cough that has
persisted for years. His oxygen saturation is low.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
Answer: B. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), often caused by smoking, and it presents with
chronic cough and shortness of breath.
5. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with muscle
weakness, fatigue, and a rash around her eyes.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Myasthenia gravis
B. Dermatomyositis
C. Lupus erythematosus
D. Multiple sclerosis
Answer: B. Dermatomyositis
Rationale: Dermatomyositis is characterized by muscle weakness
and a characteristic rash, often around the eyes (heliotrope rash).
, 6. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.
7. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a history of
chronic leg swelling and varicose veins. He also reports discomfort
in the affected area.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
B. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
C. Chronic venous insufficiency
D. Cellulitis
Answer: C. Chronic venous insufficiency
Rationale: Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the veins in
the legs are unable to pump blood back to the heart efficiently,
leading to swelling, varicose veins, and discomfort.
8. Case Study: A 28-year-old male presents with sudden severe
headache, nausea, and vomiting. His blood pressure is elevated,
and there is neck stiffness.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Migraine
B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
C. Tension headache
