Case 10
Describe the key function
of the following motor
control areas:
Visual cortex (in the occipital
lobe)
= Processes visual information from
the retina to guide movement.
Receive, segment and integrate visual
information)
The largest input to the visual cortex
projects from the retina via the optic
nerve to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus and then to the
primary visual cortex (V1)
Divided into 5 different areas (V1-V5)
V1= primary visual cortex
Each hemisphere has its own visual cortex, receives information from the
contralateral visual field (right cortex area processes information from left
eye)
- It integrates visual stimuli to aid movement coordination
Parietal cortex
= integrates all the sensory information (visual, proprioceptive and touch)
information to coordinate movements. Works closely with the motor cortex
involved in spatial awareness and motor planning
Help more with proprioception and motor control and plans movements
going to hold the glass
Also important in language processing
Somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)in the parietal lobe
= receives and processes sensory input from the body (touch,
temperature, pain)
, Gives feedback to adjust movements (Am I holding the glass right? Too
tight?)
Prefrontal cortex
= Higher cognitive function decision making, high-level motor planning
and executive control of movement and inhibiting inappropriate movements
Premotor cortex
= key role in planning and preparing voluntary movements. Decided which
sequence you are going to do. Send signal to M1
Supplementary motor cortex (SMA)
= involved in planning and sequencing complex movements, especially
internally initiated actions. Coordinates movements that require both sides of
the body.
Primary motor cortex (M1)
= send direct motor commands to muscles via the spinal cord. It executes
voluntary movements and controls fine motor skills
Basal ganglia (nuclei)
= group of interconnected nuclei in the brain responsible for motor control,
action selection and movement initiation.
- It finetunes movements by modulating motor commands from the
cortex before they are executed via the M1.
- It ensures smooth, coordinated and precise movement
It consists of the following nuclei:
- Caudate nucleus and putamen (together = striatum)
= major input center of the basal ganglia and receives excitatory inputs
from the cortex and thalamus
- Globus pallidus (internal and external segments)
Describe the key function
of the following motor
control areas:
Visual cortex (in the occipital
lobe)
= Processes visual information from
the retina to guide movement.
Receive, segment and integrate visual
information)
The largest input to the visual cortex
projects from the retina via the optic
nerve to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus and then to the
primary visual cortex (V1)
Divided into 5 different areas (V1-V5)
V1= primary visual cortex
Each hemisphere has its own visual cortex, receives information from the
contralateral visual field (right cortex area processes information from left
eye)
- It integrates visual stimuli to aid movement coordination
Parietal cortex
= integrates all the sensory information (visual, proprioceptive and touch)
information to coordinate movements. Works closely with the motor cortex
involved in spatial awareness and motor planning
Help more with proprioception and motor control and plans movements
going to hold the glass
Also important in language processing
Somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)in the parietal lobe
= receives and processes sensory input from the body (touch,
temperature, pain)
, Gives feedback to adjust movements (Am I holding the glass right? Too
tight?)
Prefrontal cortex
= Higher cognitive function decision making, high-level motor planning
and executive control of movement and inhibiting inappropriate movements
Premotor cortex
= key role in planning and preparing voluntary movements. Decided which
sequence you are going to do. Send signal to M1
Supplementary motor cortex (SMA)
= involved in planning and sequencing complex movements, especially
internally initiated actions. Coordinates movements that require both sides of
the body.
Primary motor cortex (M1)
= send direct motor commands to muscles via the spinal cord. It executes
voluntary movements and controls fine motor skills
Basal ganglia (nuclei)
= group of interconnected nuclei in the brain responsible for motor control,
action selection and movement initiation.
- It finetunes movements by modulating motor commands from the
cortex before they are executed via the M1.
- It ensures smooth, coordinated and precise movement
It consists of the following nuclei:
- Caudate nucleus and putamen (together = striatum)
= major input center of the basal ganglia and receives excitatory inputs
from the cortex and thalamus
- Globus pallidus (internal and external segments)
