BIOS 256 Anatomy & Physiology IV
Complete Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which gland is primarily responsible for regulating calcium
levels in the blood?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Parathyroid glands
- C. Adrenal glands
- D. Pituitary gland
ANS : B. Parathyroid glands
Rationale : Parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone
(PTH), which increases blood calcium levels by promoting bone
resorption and renal calcium reabsorption.
©2025
,2. What is the primary function of the vasa recta in the kidneys?
- A. Filter plasma
- B. Concentrate urine by maintaining medullary osmotic
gradients
- C. Regulate blood pressure via renin secretion
- D. Excrete hydrogen ions
ANS : B. Concentrate urine by maintaining medullary
osmotic gradients
Rationale : The vasa recta preserves the hyperosmolarity of
the renal medulla, aiding in water reabsorption.
3. Which structure in the brain is responsible for coordinating
voluntary motor movement?
- A. Medulla oblongata
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Basal ganglia
ANS : B. Cerebellum
Rationale : The cerebellum refines and coordinates voluntary
movements by processing sensory input and motor signals.
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©2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The ____, valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria
during ventricular contraction.
ANS : Atrioventricular
Rationale : The atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral)
ensure unidirectional blood flow during systole.
5. The ____, system controls smooth muscle contraction in the
gastrointestinal tract.
ANS : Enteric nervous
Rationale : The enteric nervous system independently
regulates digestive motility, secretion, and blood flow.
6. ____ is the process by which oxygen is exchanged for carbon
dioxide in alveoli.
ANS : Diffusion
Rationale : Diffusion allows gas exchange to occur across the
alveolar-capillary membrane.
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©2025
, True/False Questions
7. The pyloric sphincter regulates the movement of food from
the stomach into the duodenum.
ANS : True
Rationale : The pyloric sphincter controls the release of
chyme to ensure proper digestion in the small intestine.
8. The primary function of the spleen is to produce hormones.
ANS : False
Rationale : The spleen primarily filters blood, removes old red
blood cells, and supports the immune response.
9. The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the left atrium.
ANS : False
Rationale : The SA node is located in the right atrium and acts
as the pacemaker of the heart.
---
Multiple Response Questions
©2025
Complete Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which gland is primarily responsible for regulating calcium
levels in the blood?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Parathyroid glands
- C. Adrenal glands
- D. Pituitary gland
ANS : B. Parathyroid glands
Rationale : Parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone
(PTH), which increases blood calcium levels by promoting bone
resorption and renal calcium reabsorption.
©2025
,2. What is the primary function of the vasa recta in the kidneys?
- A. Filter plasma
- B. Concentrate urine by maintaining medullary osmotic
gradients
- C. Regulate blood pressure via renin secretion
- D. Excrete hydrogen ions
ANS : B. Concentrate urine by maintaining medullary
osmotic gradients
Rationale : The vasa recta preserves the hyperosmolarity of
the renal medulla, aiding in water reabsorption.
3. Which structure in the brain is responsible for coordinating
voluntary motor movement?
- A. Medulla oblongata
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Basal ganglia
ANS : B. Cerebellum
Rationale : The cerebellum refines and coordinates voluntary
movements by processing sensory input and motor signals.
---
©2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The ____, valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria
during ventricular contraction.
ANS : Atrioventricular
Rationale : The atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral)
ensure unidirectional blood flow during systole.
5. The ____, system controls smooth muscle contraction in the
gastrointestinal tract.
ANS : Enteric nervous
Rationale : The enteric nervous system independently
regulates digestive motility, secretion, and blood flow.
6. ____ is the process by which oxygen is exchanged for carbon
dioxide in alveoli.
ANS : Diffusion
Rationale : Diffusion allows gas exchange to occur across the
alveolar-capillary membrane.
---
©2025
, True/False Questions
7. The pyloric sphincter regulates the movement of food from
the stomach into the duodenum.
ANS : True
Rationale : The pyloric sphincter controls the release of
chyme to ensure proper digestion in the small intestine.
8. The primary function of the spleen is to produce hormones.
ANS : False
Rationale : The spleen primarily filters blood, removes old red
blood cells, and supports the immune response.
9. The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the left atrium.
ANS : False
Rationale : The SA node is located in the right atrium and acts
as the pacemaker of the heart.
---
Multiple Response Questions
©2025
