6501- ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 2025 LATEST UPDATED |39 ACCURATE
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A+
1. Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs to describe the
pericardium again?
a. The pericardium is a double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.
b. It is made up of connective tissue and a surface layer of squamous cells.
c. The pericardium protects the heart against infection and inflammation from the lungs and
pleural space.
d. It contains pain and mechanoreceptors that can elicit reflex changes in blood pressure and
heart rate. - (Correct Answer)ANS: B
The pericardium is made up of a surface layer of mesothelium over a thin layer of connective
tissue. The healthcare professional would need to re-explain if the student stated the pericardium
is made up of connective tissue and a layer of squamous cells. The other statements are accurate.
1. Which cardiac chambers have the thinnest wall and why?
a. The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits
for blood.
b. The right and left atria; they are not directly involved in the preload, contractility, or afterload
of the heart.
c. The left ventricle; the mean pressure of blood coming into this ventricle is from the lung,
which has a low pressure.
d. The right ventricle; it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries, which have a lower
pressure compared with the systemic circulation. - (Correct Answer)ANS: A
The two atria have the thinnest walls because they are low-pressure chambers that serve as
storage units and conduits for blood that is emptied into the ventricles. The ventricles have
thicker walls in order to pump blood against resistance.
1. Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?
a. Right atrium
, b. Left atrium
c. Left ventricle
d. Right ventricle - (Correct Answer)ANS: C
Pressure is greatest in the left ventricle with a systolic range of 90 to 140 mmHg. The right
ventricle is next with a systolic range of 15 to 28 mmHg, followed by the left and right atria,
respectively.
1. What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled
with blood?
a. Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close.
b. Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close.
c. Trabeculae carneae contract, which pulls the valves closed.
d. Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that pulls the valves closed. - (Correct
Answer)ANS: B
During ventricular relaxation, the two atrioventricular valves open and blood flows from the
higher pressure atria to the relaxed ventricles. With increasing ventricular pressure, these valves
close and prevent backflow into the atria as the ventricles contract. The chordae tendineae attach
the bottom end of the AV valves to the papillary muscles. The endocardium covers beamlike
projections of muscle tissue, called trabeculae carneae. The valves are not pulled closed by
reduced atrial pressure.
1. A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary muscles.
What response by the professional is best?
a. The papillary muscles close the semilunar valves.
b. These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves.
c. They open the atrioventricular valves.
d. The papillary muscles open the semilunar valves. - (Correct Answer)ANS: B
The papillary muscles are extensions of the myocardium that pull the cusps of the AV valves
together and downward at the onset of ventricular contraction, thus preventing their backward
expulsion into the atria. They do not close the semilunar valves or open the AV valves or
semilunar valves.
AND VERIFIED QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRRECT ANSWERS | GET IT
A+
1. Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs to describe the
pericardium again?
a. The pericardium is a double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.
b. It is made up of connective tissue and a surface layer of squamous cells.
c. The pericardium protects the heart against infection and inflammation from the lungs and
pleural space.
d. It contains pain and mechanoreceptors that can elicit reflex changes in blood pressure and
heart rate. - (Correct Answer)ANS: B
The pericardium is made up of a surface layer of mesothelium over a thin layer of connective
tissue. The healthcare professional would need to re-explain if the student stated the pericardium
is made up of connective tissue and a layer of squamous cells. The other statements are accurate.
1. Which cardiac chambers have the thinnest wall and why?
a. The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits
for blood.
b. The right and left atria; they are not directly involved in the preload, contractility, or afterload
of the heart.
c. The left ventricle; the mean pressure of blood coming into this ventricle is from the lung,
which has a low pressure.
d. The right ventricle; it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries, which have a lower
pressure compared with the systemic circulation. - (Correct Answer)ANS: A
The two atria have the thinnest walls because they are low-pressure chambers that serve as
storage units and conduits for blood that is emptied into the ventricles. The ventricles have
thicker walls in order to pump blood against resistance.
1. Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?
a. Right atrium
, b. Left atrium
c. Left ventricle
d. Right ventricle - (Correct Answer)ANS: C
Pressure is greatest in the left ventricle with a systolic range of 90 to 140 mmHg. The right
ventricle is next with a systolic range of 15 to 28 mmHg, followed by the left and right atria,
respectively.
1. What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled
with blood?
a. Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close.
b. Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close.
c. Trabeculae carneae contract, which pulls the valves closed.
d. Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that pulls the valves closed. - (Correct
Answer)ANS: B
During ventricular relaxation, the two atrioventricular valves open and blood flows from the
higher pressure atria to the relaxed ventricles. With increasing ventricular pressure, these valves
close and prevent backflow into the atria as the ventricles contract. The chordae tendineae attach
the bottom end of the AV valves to the papillary muscles. The endocardium covers beamlike
projections of muscle tissue, called trabeculae carneae. The valves are not pulled closed by
reduced atrial pressure.
1. A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary muscles.
What response by the professional is best?
a. The papillary muscles close the semilunar valves.
b. These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves.
c. They open the atrioventricular valves.
d. The papillary muscles open the semilunar valves. - (Correct Answer)ANS: B
The papillary muscles are extensions of the myocardium that pull the cusps of the AV valves
together and downward at the onset of ventricular contraction, thus preventing their backward
expulsion into the atria. They do not close the semilunar valves or open the AV valves or
semilunar valves.
