PBSI 306 NEW EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
100% VERIFIED!!
What is anxiety? How is it different from fear?
Fear is to a specific threat, inc HR, sweating, desire to escape/run
Anxiety: response to a vague sense of danger, possible danger, not clear, future
oriented & diffuse, tension, chronic overarousal, general avoidance
Order of lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders
GAD-6%
Specific Phobia-12%
Social Anxiety Disorder: 12%
Agoraphobia: 1.4%
Panic Disorder 5%
Agoraphobia-->panic disorder-->GAD-->social anxiety or specific phobia
What is the most common disorder in the US?
anxiety disorders
Comorbidities of anxiety disorder?
comorbid with depression
most have 2 or more anxiety disorders where one is caused by another
,What are the DSM-5 anxiety disorders?
GAD
specific phobia
social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
agoraphobia
panic disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) timeline
anxiety disorder where for 6 months the person must experience disproportionate,
uncontrollable, & ongoing anxiety/worry about multiple matters
3+ symptoms of edginess, irritability, fatigue, muscle tension, sleep problems, poor
concentration
What is the timeline for GAD?
3+ symptoms of fatigue, irritability, edginess, muscle tension, sleep problems, & poor
concentration occur over 6 months
Prevalence, gender differences, & onset of GAD
prevalence: 6% lifetime, 3% annual
women outnumber men 2:1
age of onset is adolescent
,Biological Formulations of GAD
genetics
study saw 30% of relatives, 6% in general population
neurotransmitters: dec GABA & serotonin
HPA system: CRH-stimulates cortisol release
Psychodynamic formulations of GAD
freud believed everyone experiences anxiety & uses defense mechanisms to help
control it (conflicting id & ego)
realistic: results from actual danger
neurotic: results from fears of unconscious or impulses
moral: from conflicts btwn underlying impulses/conscience
trace back to parent-child relationship
mostly unconscious in nature, psychosocial approach, interpersonal role theory
Cognitive Formulations GAD
perception of uncontrollability & unpredictability (history of trauma)
worry leads to more negative thoughts
more anxious people are more attuned to threatening cues
Treatments for GAD
CBT: educate, challenge rational assumptons, identify/adjust maladaptive attempts to
control anxiety, develop adaptive strategies
pharmacology:
, Psychopharmacology
-anxiolytic drugs-benzodiazapines (bad side effects, addictive, rebound anxiety, multiply
effects of other drugs)
-buspirone (effective, non addictive)
Benzodiazapines
type of anxiolytic drug for GAD
modest, temporary relief, can cause rebound anxiety, withdrawal, physical
dependence, side effects, multiply effects of other drugs
What are buspirone and benzodiazapines used to treat?
GAD
Avoidance of an object or situation is a cardinal characteristic of what disorder?
phobia
Specific Phobia diagnostics
phobia to a specific thing
avoidance
comorbid with other phobias
100% VERIFIED!!
What is anxiety? How is it different from fear?
Fear is to a specific threat, inc HR, sweating, desire to escape/run
Anxiety: response to a vague sense of danger, possible danger, not clear, future
oriented & diffuse, tension, chronic overarousal, general avoidance
Order of lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders
GAD-6%
Specific Phobia-12%
Social Anxiety Disorder: 12%
Agoraphobia: 1.4%
Panic Disorder 5%
Agoraphobia-->panic disorder-->GAD-->social anxiety or specific phobia
What is the most common disorder in the US?
anxiety disorders
Comorbidities of anxiety disorder?
comorbid with depression
most have 2 or more anxiety disorders where one is caused by another
,What are the DSM-5 anxiety disorders?
GAD
specific phobia
social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
agoraphobia
panic disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) timeline
anxiety disorder where for 6 months the person must experience disproportionate,
uncontrollable, & ongoing anxiety/worry about multiple matters
3+ symptoms of edginess, irritability, fatigue, muscle tension, sleep problems, poor
concentration
What is the timeline for GAD?
3+ symptoms of fatigue, irritability, edginess, muscle tension, sleep problems, & poor
concentration occur over 6 months
Prevalence, gender differences, & onset of GAD
prevalence: 6% lifetime, 3% annual
women outnumber men 2:1
age of onset is adolescent
,Biological Formulations of GAD
genetics
study saw 30% of relatives, 6% in general population
neurotransmitters: dec GABA & serotonin
HPA system: CRH-stimulates cortisol release
Psychodynamic formulations of GAD
freud believed everyone experiences anxiety & uses defense mechanisms to help
control it (conflicting id & ego)
realistic: results from actual danger
neurotic: results from fears of unconscious or impulses
moral: from conflicts btwn underlying impulses/conscience
trace back to parent-child relationship
mostly unconscious in nature, psychosocial approach, interpersonal role theory
Cognitive Formulations GAD
perception of uncontrollability & unpredictability (history of trauma)
worry leads to more negative thoughts
more anxious people are more attuned to threatening cues
Treatments for GAD
CBT: educate, challenge rational assumptons, identify/adjust maladaptive attempts to
control anxiety, develop adaptive strategies
pharmacology:
, Psychopharmacology
-anxiolytic drugs-benzodiazapines (bad side effects, addictive, rebound anxiety, multiply
effects of other drugs)
-buspirone (effective, non addictive)
Benzodiazapines
type of anxiolytic drug for GAD
modest, temporary relief, can cause rebound anxiety, withdrawal, physical
dependence, side effects, multiply effects of other drugs
What are buspirone and benzodiazapines used to treat?
GAD
Avoidance of an object or situation is a cardinal characteristic of what disorder?
phobia
Specific Phobia diagnostics
phobia to a specific thing
avoidance
comorbid with other phobias
