UNIT 0 & UNIT 1:
1. General Lab Safety Protocols:
a. Always wearprotective equipment:
i. Goggles
ii. Gloves
iii. Lab coat
b. Noeating, drinking, or horseplay
c. Knowlocationof safety equipment:
i. Eyewash station
ii. Fire extinguisher
iii. Safety shower
iv. Etc.
d. Dispose of chemicals properly:
i. In the hooded ventilator
e. Clean up spillsimmediately
f. Neverdirectly inhale chemicals
g. Label all samplesand follow instructions carefully
2. Common Metrix Prefixes and Their Powers of 10:
PREFIX SYMBOL POWER OF 10
Kilo- k 3
10 (1,000)
Hecto- h 2
10 (100)
Deka- da 1
10 (10)
Base Unit m, L, g 0
10 (1)
Deci- d −1
10 (0.1)
Centi- c −2
10 (0.01)
Milli- m −3
10 (0.001)
Micro- µ −6
10 (0.000001)
Nano- n −9
10 (0.000000001)
Pico- p −12
10 (0.000000000001)
3. Metric System Converions:
a. Move the decimal left or right depending on the prefix
i. Ex:5,000mg →g: Move the decimal 3 places to the left→ 5g
1
, 4. Base Units of Measurement in the Metric System:
a. Mass: Gram (g)
b. Volume: Liter (L)
c. Length: Meter (m)
5. Four Celcius Benchmark Values:
a. Water freezes:0℃
b. Room temperature:~22℃
c. Body temperature:~37℃
d. Water boils:100℃
6. English to Metric Conversions:
Length:
1 inch (in) 2.54 centimeters (cm)
1 foot (ft) 30.48 centimeters (cm)
1 yard (yd) 0.9144 meters (m)
1 mile (mi) 0.393 inches (in)
1 meter (m)` 3.281 feet (ft)
1 kilometer (km) 0.621 miles (mi)
Mass:
1 ounce (oz) 28.35 grams (g)
1 pound (lb) 0.454 kilograms (kg)
1 ton (US) 907.185 kilograms (kg)
1 kilogram (kg) 2.2 pounds (lbs)
1 gram (g) 0.035 ounces (oz)
Temperature:
Farenheit to celsius ℃ =
(℉−32)
1.8
Celsius to fahrenheit ℉ = (℃ x 1.8) + 32
2
, 7. Scientific Notation:
a. To convert to scientific notation:
i. Move the decimal until there isone nonzero digitin front
3
ii. Ex:4500 → 4.5 x10
b. To expand from scientific notation:
i. Move the decimalbased on the exponent
−2
ii. Ex:3.2 x10 → 0.032
8. Lab Equipment in Unit 1:
a. Graduated cylinder
b. Serological Pipette
c. Erlenmeyer Flask
d. Beaker
e. Stir Bar
f. Hot plate and Stir Plate
g. Ruler
h. Digital Balance
9. Accuracy vs. Precision:
a. Accuracy:How close a
measurement is to the actual
value
b. Precision:How close multiple measurements are toeachother
10. Measuring Length with a Ruler:
a. Round to thenearest 0.01cm(millimeter level)
11. Using a Digital Balance:
a. Place the object on and record the mass
12. The Purpose of the Zero Button:
a. Itremoves the mass of the containerso you only getthe mass of the sample
13. Meniscus:
a. Thecurveat the surface of a liquid in a container
b. Alwaysread from the bottom of the curveat eye level
14. Most Accurate Lab Equipment for Measuring Volume:
a. Graduated Cylinder→More precise than beakers
b. Serological pipettes →Very precise for small volumes
c. Micropipette →Used for very small liquid volumes(µL)
15. Identifying Accuracy of Lab Glassware:
a. Use thesmallest increments availableto get the mostaccurate measurement
16. Using a Micropipette:
a. Press plunger tofirst stop to draw liquid
b. Press tosecond stop to fully dispense
17. Micropipette Tips and Their Use:
a. P20 (2-20µL) →small yellow tip
3
1. General Lab Safety Protocols:
a. Always wearprotective equipment:
i. Goggles
ii. Gloves
iii. Lab coat
b. Noeating, drinking, or horseplay
c. Knowlocationof safety equipment:
i. Eyewash station
ii. Fire extinguisher
iii. Safety shower
iv. Etc.
d. Dispose of chemicals properly:
i. In the hooded ventilator
e. Clean up spillsimmediately
f. Neverdirectly inhale chemicals
g. Label all samplesand follow instructions carefully
2. Common Metrix Prefixes and Their Powers of 10:
PREFIX SYMBOL POWER OF 10
Kilo- k 3
10 (1,000)
Hecto- h 2
10 (100)
Deka- da 1
10 (10)
Base Unit m, L, g 0
10 (1)
Deci- d −1
10 (0.1)
Centi- c −2
10 (0.01)
Milli- m −3
10 (0.001)
Micro- µ −6
10 (0.000001)
Nano- n −9
10 (0.000000001)
Pico- p −12
10 (0.000000000001)
3. Metric System Converions:
a. Move the decimal left or right depending on the prefix
i. Ex:5,000mg →g: Move the decimal 3 places to the left→ 5g
1
, 4. Base Units of Measurement in the Metric System:
a. Mass: Gram (g)
b. Volume: Liter (L)
c. Length: Meter (m)
5. Four Celcius Benchmark Values:
a. Water freezes:0℃
b. Room temperature:~22℃
c. Body temperature:~37℃
d. Water boils:100℃
6. English to Metric Conversions:
Length:
1 inch (in) 2.54 centimeters (cm)
1 foot (ft) 30.48 centimeters (cm)
1 yard (yd) 0.9144 meters (m)
1 mile (mi) 0.393 inches (in)
1 meter (m)` 3.281 feet (ft)
1 kilometer (km) 0.621 miles (mi)
Mass:
1 ounce (oz) 28.35 grams (g)
1 pound (lb) 0.454 kilograms (kg)
1 ton (US) 907.185 kilograms (kg)
1 kilogram (kg) 2.2 pounds (lbs)
1 gram (g) 0.035 ounces (oz)
Temperature:
Farenheit to celsius ℃ =
(℉−32)
1.8
Celsius to fahrenheit ℉ = (℃ x 1.8) + 32
2
, 7. Scientific Notation:
a. To convert to scientific notation:
i. Move the decimal until there isone nonzero digitin front
3
ii. Ex:4500 → 4.5 x10
b. To expand from scientific notation:
i. Move the decimalbased on the exponent
−2
ii. Ex:3.2 x10 → 0.032
8. Lab Equipment in Unit 1:
a. Graduated cylinder
b. Serological Pipette
c. Erlenmeyer Flask
d. Beaker
e. Stir Bar
f. Hot plate and Stir Plate
g. Ruler
h. Digital Balance
9. Accuracy vs. Precision:
a. Accuracy:How close a
measurement is to the actual
value
b. Precision:How close multiple measurements are toeachother
10. Measuring Length with a Ruler:
a. Round to thenearest 0.01cm(millimeter level)
11. Using a Digital Balance:
a. Place the object on and record the mass
12. The Purpose of the Zero Button:
a. Itremoves the mass of the containerso you only getthe mass of the sample
13. Meniscus:
a. Thecurveat the surface of a liquid in a container
b. Alwaysread from the bottom of the curveat eye level
14. Most Accurate Lab Equipment for Measuring Volume:
a. Graduated Cylinder→More precise than beakers
b. Serological pipettes →Very precise for small volumes
c. Micropipette →Used for very small liquid volumes(µL)
15. Identifying Accuracy of Lab Glassware:
a. Use thesmallest increments availableto get the mostaccurate measurement
16. Using a Micropipette:
a. Press plunger tofirst stop to draw liquid
b. Press tosecond stop to fully dispense
17. Micropipette Tips and Their Use:
a. P20 (2-20µL) →small yellow tip
3
