NGN NCLEX RN Study Guide
• The pediatric cardiac arrest algorithm known as the reversible causes
include the four "H's"::
Answer:
hypoxia, hypovolemia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, other electrolyte disturbances,
and the four "Ts": Tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, drug toxicity and
therapeutics, thromboembolism, and other outflow obstructions.
• Infant and Children CPR:
Answer:
For infants and children provide chest compressions that depress the chest at least
1/3 of the anterior posterior diameter of the chest, use chest compression rate of
<100 to 120/min for infants and children.
• Single rescuers compression to ventilation rate 30:2; two rescuers 15:
• Hands-Only CPR, High-Quality CPR, and In-Hospital CPR:
Answer:
Consists of two easy steps:
1. Call 9-1-1 (or send someone to do that)
2. Push hard and fast in the center of the chest
The focus is on early, high-quality chest compressions. The healthcare provider
includes chest compressions before rescue breaths. "C-A-B" (Chest Compression,
Airway, and Breathing) is now used for adults and children, whereas steps for the
newborns remain "A-B-C" (Airway, Breathing, and Circulation).
Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can greatly increase a cardiac arrest
victim's chances of survival. To minimize the time to defibrillation for cardiac
arrest victims, deployment of AEDs should not be limited to only trained people
(although training is still recommended).
• High-Quality CPR: High-quality CPR should be performed by anyone—
including bystanders. There are five critical components:
Answer:
1. Minimize interruptions in chest compressions
2. Provide compressions of adequate rate and depth
3. Avoid leaning on the victim between compressions
4. Ensure proper hand placement
5. Avoid excessive ventilation
, • In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: . For healthcare providers and those trained:
Answer:
conventional CPR using chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth breathing at
a ratio of 30:2 compressions-to-breaths. In adult victims of cardiac arrest, it is
reasonable for rescuers to perform chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120/min
and to a depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm) for an average adult, while avoiding
excessive chest compression depths (greater than 2.4 inches [6 cm])
• What is the first priority when an adult with an unwitnessed cardiac arrest
is found?:
Answer:
Call 9-1-1 (or send someone to do that) and begin CPR by pushing hard and fast in
the center of the chest.
• Define myocardial infarction:
Answer:
Necrosis of the heart muscle due to poor perfusion of the heart.
• What criteria should alert a client with known angina who takes nitroglycerin
tablets sublingually to call EMS? Delete:
Answer:
Unrelieved chest pain after nitroglycerin.
• After calling out for help and asking someone to dial for emergency
services, what is the next action in CPR?: For adults, check carotid pulse and,
if no pulse, deliver CPR.
Answer:
• True or false? In feeling for presence of a carotid pulse, no more
than 5 seconds should be used.:
Answer:
False.
Palpate for no more than 10 seconds, recognizing that arrhythmias or bradycardia
could be occurring
• The pediatric cardiac arrest algorithm known as the reversible causes
include the four "H's"::
Answer:
hypoxia, hypovolemia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, other electrolyte disturbances,
and the four "Ts": Tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, drug toxicity and
therapeutics, thromboembolism, and other outflow obstructions.
• Infant and Children CPR:
Answer:
For infants and children provide chest compressions that depress the chest at least
1/3 of the anterior posterior diameter of the chest, use chest compression rate of
<100 to 120/min for infants and children.
• Single rescuers compression to ventilation rate 30:2; two rescuers 15:
• Hands-Only CPR, High-Quality CPR, and In-Hospital CPR:
Answer:
Consists of two easy steps:
1. Call 9-1-1 (or send someone to do that)
2. Push hard and fast in the center of the chest
The focus is on early, high-quality chest compressions. The healthcare provider
includes chest compressions before rescue breaths. "C-A-B" (Chest Compression,
Airway, and Breathing) is now used for adults and children, whereas steps for the
newborns remain "A-B-C" (Airway, Breathing, and Circulation).
Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can greatly increase a cardiac arrest
victim's chances of survival. To minimize the time to defibrillation for cardiac
arrest victims, deployment of AEDs should not be limited to only trained people
(although training is still recommended).
• High-Quality CPR: High-quality CPR should be performed by anyone—
including bystanders. There are five critical components:
Answer:
1. Minimize interruptions in chest compressions
2. Provide compressions of adequate rate and depth
3. Avoid leaning on the victim between compressions
4. Ensure proper hand placement
5. Avoid excessive ventilation
, • In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: . For healthcare providers and those trained:
Answer:
conventional CPR using chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth breathing at
a ratio of 30:2 compressions-to-breaths. In adult victims of cardiac arrest, it is
reasonable for rescuers to perform chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120/min
and to a depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm) for an average adult, while avoiding
excessive chest compression depths (greater than 2.4 inches [6 cm])
• What is the first priority when an adult with an unwitnessed cardiac arrest
is found?:
Answer:
Call 9-1-1 (or send someone to do that) and begin CPR by pushing hard and fast in
the center of the chest.
• Define myocardial infarction:
Answer:
Necrosis of the heart muscle due to poor perfusion of the heart.
• What criteria should alert a client with known angina who takes nitroglycerin
tablets sublingually to call EMS? Delete:
Answer:
Unrelieved chest pain after nitroglycerin.
• After calling out for help and asking someone to dial for emergency
services, what is the next action in CPR?: For adults, check carotid pulse and,
if no pulse, deliver CPR.
Answer:
• True or false? In feeling for presence of a carotid pulse, no more
than 5 seconds should be used.:
Answer:
False.
Palpate for no more than 10 seconds, recognizing that arrhythmias or bradycardia
could be occurring
