NUTRITION EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE &
NOTES (CH.1-3) QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
epiglotis - Answer-flap prevents getting in your trachea
parasalysis - Answer-muscles moves food to stomach
cardiac sphyncter - Answer-(heart burn when they aren't doing their job)
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum - Answer-in small intestine
passive diffusion/facilitated diffusion - Answer-through membranes, process of
nutrient absorption, gradient (fats water minerals
/utilizes carrier protein, gradient (fructose)
phagocytosis/pinocytosis - Answer-cells engulf solids and liquids,
cell eating
endocrine/exocrine - Answer-into blood (works w hormones to tell your feeding
center)/into intestine
Nutrigenomics - Answer-food that effects gene expression
phytochemicals - Answer-Chemicals found in plants (ex. fruits & veggies) that may
provide significant health benefits, not considered essential nutrients* (reduced risk
of cancer lowered cardiovascular risk...)
prevent osteoporosis - Answer-calcium
prevent some cancer - Answer-less fat
prevent cardiovascular disease - Answer-fiber
prevent hypertenstion - Answer-less sodium
Can be marketed in US without FDA approval if - Answer-reasonably safe
production must be labeled as a dietary supplement
Body Organization - Answer-Cells-tissues-organs-organ systems
Diseases with a genetic link - Answer-(think nutrigenomics)
cardiovascular disease, hypertension (10-15% salt-induced), obesity, diabetes (type
1 & 2), cancer (colon & breast cancer)
pyloric sphincter - Answer-releases chyme to small intestine
, esophageal sphincter - Answer-prevent back flow of acidic stomach contents
accessory organs in digestion - Answer-Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Bile - Answer-produced by GB,
released by hormonal stimuli, into small intestine
function- digestion and absorption of fat soluble vitamins
pancreas - Answer-secreted hormones (insulin and glucagon)
secretes pancreatic juices into the small intestine (bicarbonate)
carbs - Answer-major source of cals (4kcal/g)
simple sugars
complex carbs
dietary fibers
fiber doesn't produce energy
lipids - Answer-fats & oils
don't dissolve in water
energy yields
(9 kcal/g)
animal fats (solid)
plant oils (liquid)
essential fatty acids
proteins - Answer-structural material
energy yielding (4 kcal/g)
amino acids
*most Americans consume excess proteins
vitamins - Answer-enable chemical reactions
fat soluble or water soluble
yield no energy
minerals - Answer-inorganic substance no carbon
not destroyed during cooking
major and trace minerals
electrolytes
yield no energy
Organs & functions of Endocrine system...What are the nutritionally relevant
hormones? - Answer-Includes: pancreas, hormones-insulin & glucagon (regulates
blood sugar), thyroid (regulate metabolism)... Secretes a chemical (hormone) that
communicated with another part of the body (body's messenger)
Does what you eat affect your gene expression? - Answer-Yes, neutrignomics
NOTES (CH.1-3) QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
epiglotis - Answer-flap prevents getting in your trachea
parasalysis - Answer-muscles moves food to stomach
cardiac sphyncter - Answer-(heart burn when they aren't doing their job)
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum - Answer-in small intestine
passive diffusion/facilitated diffusion - Answer-through membranes, process of
nutrient absorption, gradient (fats water minerals
/utilizes carrier protein, gradient (fructose)
phagocytosis/pinocytosis - Answer-cells engulf solids and liquids,
cell eating
endocrine/exocrine - Answer-into blood (works w hormones to tell your feeding
center)/into intestine
Nutrigenomics - Answer-food that effects gene expression
phytochemicals - Answer-Chemicals found in plants (ex. fruits & veggies) that may
provide significant health benefits, not considered essential nutrients* (reduced risk
of cancer lowered cardiovascular risk...)
prevent osteoporosis - Answer-calcium
prevent some cancer - Answer-less fat
prevent cardiovascular disease - Answer-fiber
prevent hypertenstion - Answer-less sodium
Can be marketed in US without FDA approval if - Answer-reasonably safe
production must be labeled as a dietary supplement
Body Organization - Answer-Cells-tissues-organs-organ systems
Diseases with a genetic link - Answer-(think nutrigenomics)
cardiovascular disease, hypertension (10-15% salt-induced), obesity, diabetes (type
1 & 2), cancer (colon & breast cancer)
pyloric sphincter - Answer-releases chyme to small intestine
, esophageal sphincter - Answer-prevent back flow of acidic stomach contents
accessory organs in digestion - Answer-Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Bile - Answer-produced by GB,
released by hormonal stimuli, into small intestine
function- digestion and absorption of fat soluble vitamins
pancreas - Answer-secreted hormones (insulin and glucagon)
secretes pancreatic juices into the small intestine (bicarbonate)
carbs - Answer-major source of cals (4kcal/g)
simple sugars
complex carbs
dietary fibers
fiber doesn't produce energy
lipids - Answer-fats & oils
don't dissolve in water
energy yields
(9 kcal/g)
animal fats (solid)
plant oils (liquid)
essential fatty acids
proteins - Answer-structural material
energy yielding (4 kcal/g)
amino acids
*most Americans consume excess proteins
vitamins - Answer-enable chemical reactions
fat soluble or water soluble
yield no energy
minerals - Answer-inorganic substance no carbon
not destroyed during cooking
major and trace minerals
electrolytes
yield no energy
Organs & functions of Endocrine system...What are the nutritionally relevant
hormones? - Answer-Includes: pancreas, hormones-insulin & glucagon (regulates
blood sugar), thyroid (regulate metabolism)... Secretes a chemical (hormone) that
communicated with another part of the body (body's messenger)
Does what you eat affect your gene expression? - Answer-Yes, neutrignomics
