- BASIC NUTRITION AND DIET
THERAPY CHAPTER 8 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Magnesium Deficiency - Answer-Hypomagnesemia-Vomitting, Diarrhea.
Magnesium Toxicity - Answer-GI symptoms - from too many supplements.
Magnesium: Food sources - Answer-Nuts, soybeans, legumes, whole grains, oats,
cocoa
Sulfur - Answer-Hair, skin, nails (bonds with keratin)
Metabolic function-High-energy bond, transfer energy
Collagen Structure
Vitamin Structure: Thiamin & Biotin
Sulfur Toxicity - Answer-Unlikely to reach toxic concentration.
Sulfur: Food sources - Answer-Animal proteins, eggs, milk, legumes, nuts.
Iron - Answer-Functions in hemoglobin synthesis. General metabolism. Proper
glucose metabolism. Antibody production. Transferrin- protein that binds and
transports iron through the blood. Vitamin C helps the absorption of iron.
Ferritin-Storage form of iron. Converts B-Carotene to vitamin A. Stored in the liver
and spleen. Non heme-Bound to vitamin c, not readily absorbed.
Iron Deficiency - Answer-Anemia- decreased number of circulating red blood cells,
decreased hemoglobin. Can be fatal.
Iron Toxicity - Answer-Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. GI disturbances , organ damage
of not treated. Can be fatal
Hemochromatosis - Answer-Genetic mutation-Autosomal recessive disorder that
results iron overload even though iron intake is normal.
Iron Food Sources - Answer-Liver, meats, egg yolk, whole grains, enriched grains,
dark green veggies, legumes, nuts.
Iodine - Answer-Regulate thyroxine (regulates metabolic rate)
Iodine Deficiency - Answer-Brain damage, goiter, impaired mental/physical growth,
hypothyroidism.
Iodine Toxicity - Answer-Hyperthyroidism
Zinc - Answer-Immunity & metabolism. DNA synthesis.
, Zinc Deficiency - Answer-Poor wound healing, impaired taste and smell. Chronic
wounds-prone to deficiency.
Acrodermatitis-Rare autosomal recessive disorder, fatal of not treated.
Zinc Food Sources - Answer-Meat, oysters, legumes, whole grains.
Zinc Toxicity - Answer-Copper deficiency
Selenium - Answer-Part of an antioxidant, liver, kidney, heart, spleen. Protection
from free radicals.
Selenium Deficiency - Answer-Affects immune function, oxidative stress.
Selenium Toxicity - Answer-Hair loss, joint pain, nail discoloration, GI upset.
Selenium Food Sources - Answer-Pork, Turkey, lamb, chicken, organ meats, Brazil
nuts.
Fluoride - Answer-Forms bone with calcium. Preventing dental caries (rot)
Exceeding fluorosis-uwllowing of teeth, white spots, pitting, muttling of teeth enamel.
Fluroride: Food sources - Answer-Crab, shrimp, raisins, grape juice, tea, breakfast
cereals.
Calcium Deficiency - Answer-Hypocalcemia: Relative to blood phosphorus
concentration, results in tetany➡Characterised by muscle spasms.
Osteoporosis: Abnormal thinning of the bone that produces a porous, fragile, lattice-
like bone tissue of enlarged spaces that are prone to fracture or deformity. "Swiss
cheese bone"
Calcium Food Sources - Answer-Milk, green veggies, fish with bones, fortified food.
Phosphorus - Answer-Functions in: Bone and tooth formation, energy metabolism,
and acid base balance.
Phosphorus Deficiency - Answer-Hypophosphatemia: Rare, usually occurs with
overconsumption of antacids.
Phosphorus Toxicity - Answer-Hyperphosphatemia: Rare, phosphorus intake
significantly higher than calcium for a long period, bone resorption may occur.
Phosphorus Food Sources - Answer-High-protein foods: Milk, meat, fish, eggs.
Sodium - Answer-Functions in: Water balance, muscle action, nutrient absorption.
("Water follows")
Sodium Deficiency - Answer-Hyponatremia: Muscle Cramping.
Sodium Toxicity - Answer-Hypernatremia: Salt sensitivity, hypertension, edema.
THERAPY CHAPTER 8 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Magnesium Deficiency - Answer-Hypomagnesemia-Vomitting, Diarrhea.
Magnesium Toxicity - Answer-GI symptoms - from too many supplements.
Magnesium: Food sources - Answer-Nuts, soybeans, legumes, whole grains, oats,
cocoa
Sulfur - Answer-Hair, skin, nails (bonds with keratin)
Metabolic function-High-energy bond, transfer energy
Collagen Structure
Vitamin Structure: Thiamin & Biotin
Sulfur Toxicity - Answer-Unlikely to reach toxic concentration.
Sulfur: Food sources - Answer-Animal proteins, eggs, milk, legumes, nuts.
Iron - Answer-Functions in hemoglobin synthesis. General metabolism. Proper
glucose metabolism. Antibody production. Transferrin- protein that binds and
transports iron through the blood. Vitamin C helps the absorption of iron.
Ferritin-Storage form of iron. Converts B-Carotene to vitamin A. Stored in the liver
and spleen. Non heme-Bound to vitamin c, not readily absorbed.
Iron Deficiency - Answer-Anemia- decreased number of circulating red blood cells,
decreased hemoglobin. Can be fatal.
Iron Toxicity - Answer-Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. GI disturbances , organ damage
of not treated. Can be fatal
Hemochromatosis - Answer-Genetic mutation-Autosomal recessive disorder that
results iron overload even though iron intake is normal.
Iron Food Sources - Answer-Liver, meats, egg yolk, whole grains, enriched grains,
dark green veggies, legumes, nuts.
Iodine - Answer-Regulate thyroxine (regulates metabolic rate)
Iodine Deficiency - Answer-Brain damage, goiter, impaired mental/physical growth,
hypothyroidism.
Iodine Toxicity - Answer-Hyperthyroidism
Zinc - Answer-Immunity & metabolism. DNA synthesis.
, Zinc Deficiency - Answer-Poor wound healing, impaired taste and smell. Chronic
wounds-prone to deficiency.
Acrodermatitis-Rare autosomal recessive disorder, fatal of not treated.
Zinc Food Sources - Answer-Meat, oysters, legumes, whole grains.
Zinc Toxicity - Answer-Copper deficiency
Selenium - Answer-Part of an antioxidant, liver, kidney, heart, spleen. Protection
from free radicals.
Selenium Deficiency - Answer-Affects immune function, oxidative stress.
Selenium Toxicity - Answer-Hair loss, joint pain, nail discoloration, GI upset.
Selenium Food Sources - Answer-Pork, Turkey, lamb, chicken, organ meats, Brazil
nuts.
Fluoride - Answer-Forms bone with calcium. Preventing dental caries (rot)
Exceeding fluorosis-uwllowing of teeth, white spots, pitting, muttling of teeth enamel.
Fluroride: Food sources - Answer-Crab, shrimp, raisins, grape juice, tea, breakfast
cereals.
Calcium Deficiency - Answer-Hypocalcemia: Relative to blood phosphorus
concentration, results in tetany➡Characterised by muscle spasms.
Osteoporosis: Abnormal thinning of the bone that produces a porous, fragile, lattice-
like bone tissue of enlarged spaces that are prone to fracture or deformity. "Swiss
cheese bone"
Calcium Food Sources - Answer-Milk, green veggies, fish with bones, fortified food.
Phosphorus - Answer-Functions in: Bone and tooth formation, energy metabolism,
and acid base balance.
Phosphorus Deficiency - Answer-Hypophosphatemia: Rare, usually occurs with
overconsumption of antacids.
Phosphorus Toxicity - Answer-Hyperphosphatemia: Rare, phosphorus intake
significantly higher than calcium for a long period, bone resorption may occur.
Phosphorus Food Sources - Answer-High-protein foods: Milk, meat, fish, eggs.
Sodium - Answer-Functions in: Water balance, muscle action, nutrient absorption.
("Water follows")
Sodium Deficiency - Answer-Hyponatremia: Muscle Cramping.
Sodium Toxicity - Answer-Hypernatremia: Salt sensitivity, hypertension, edema.
