BIOL 1020 EXAM 2 ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS | NEW UPDATE 2025
Plasma membrane - ANSWER Surrounds cell; allows things to go in and out of
cell.
Active transport - ANSWER Process that allows protons to move against their
concentration gradient across a biological membrane.
What do proteins and glycoproteins embedded in membranes do? - ANSWER
Used for chemical recognition and signaling.
Phospholipids have a _____ nature, and a ________ structure. - ANSWER
amphipathic; cylindrical
Describe the head and tail(s) of phospholipids - ANSWER hydrophilic head; 2
hydrophobic tails that are two chains of fatty acids linked to a glycerol.
Fluid mosaic model - ANSWER proteins associated with a membrane move
around on the same side of a lipid bilayer that acts as a two-dimensional fluid.
Catabolic reactions are ______? - ANSWER Exergonic
Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids
help keep any membrane more fluid (which is preferred at lower temperatures)? -
,ANSWER The double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids form bends in the fatty
acid tails, forcing adjacent phospholipids to be further apart than they would be
with saturated fatty acids.
Acetyl CoA reacts with _____ to enter the citric acid cycle, forming _____ and
freeing________? - ANSWER oxaloacetate, citrate, CoA
_____ solutions go up in mass, while ______ solutions go down in mass. -
ANSWER hypertonic; hypotonic
Allosteric site - ANSWER noncompetitive inhibitor binds to an enzyme.
Active site - ANSWER region on an enzyme that binds to a protein.
What are the four ways enzymes reduce activation energy? - ANSWER holding
reactants close in the right orientation; direct involvement during transition
states; putting a strain on existing bonds; providing a microenvironment.
What are the four components of the electron transport chain in oxidation phos? -
ANSWER iron-sulfur proteins; cytochromes; ubiquinone; FMN.
NOT: ATP synthase
During which process(s) of aerobic respiration is CO2 released? - ANSWER the
oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, and the citric acid cycle
, Oxidative decarboxylation of 2 pyruvates at the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
yields: - ANSWER 2 acetyl CoA + 2 CO2 + 2 NADH
When used as an energy source, proteins will - ANSWER provide the cell with
the same amount of energy per unit weight as glucose provides.
Where are protein hormones made, where do they go, and where do they end
up? - ANSWER ER; golgi; vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane.
Each turn of the citric acid cycle produces ____ NADH - ANSWER 3
Where does the enzymatic reaction of the C3 cycle take place? - ANSWER the
stroma choraplast during photosynthesis
What adds CO2 to ribulose diphosphate? - ANSWER Rubisco
In the carbon reduction phase of the C3 cycle, the production of 12 G3P molecules
requires _ 3-PGA molecules and the use of _ ATPs and _ NADPHs. - ANSWER
12; 12; 12
What does PEP carboxylase do? - ANSWER fixes CO2 into a 4-carbon
compound
What does phosphofructokinase do? - ANSWER phosphorylates fructose 6-
phosphate in glycolysis
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS | NEW UPDATE 2025
Plasma membrane - ANSWER Surrounds cell; allows things to go in and out of
cell.
Active transport - ANSWER Process that allows protons to move against their
concentration gradient across a biological membrane.
What do proteins and glycoproteins embedded in membranes do? - ANSWER
Used for chemical recognition and signaling.
Phospholipids have a _____ nature, and a ________ structure. - ANSWER
amphipathic; cylindrical
Describe the head and tail(s) of phospholipids - ANSWER hydrophilic head; 2
hydrophobic tails that are two chains of fatty acids linked to a glycerol.
Fluid mosaic model - ANSWER proteins associated with a membrane move
around on the same side of a lipid bilayer that acts as a two-dimensional fluid.
Catabolic reactions are ______? - ANSWER Exergonic
Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids
help keep any membrane more fluid (which is preferred at lower temperatures)? -
,ANSWER The double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids form bends in the fatty
acid tails, forcing adjacent phospholipids to be further apart than they would be
with saturated fatty acids.
Acetyl CoA reacts with _____ to enter the citric acid cycle, forming _____ and
freeing________? - ANSWER oxaloacetate, citrate, CoA
_____ solutions go up in mass, while ______ solutions go down in mass. -
ANSWER hypertonic; hypotonic
Allosteric site - ANSWER noncompetitive inhibitor binds to an enzyme.
Active site - ANSWER region on an enzyme that binds to a protein.
What are the four ways enzymes reduce activation energy? - ANSWER holding
reactants close in the right orientation; direct involvement during transition
states; putting a strain on existing bonds; providing a microenvironment.
What are the four components of the electron transport chain in oxidation phos? -
ANSWER iron-sulfur proteins; cytochromes; ubiquinone; FMN.
NOT: ATP synthase
During which process(s) of aerobic respiration is CO2 released? - ANSWER the
oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, and the citric acid cycle
, Oxidative decarboxylation of 2 pyruvates at the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
yields: - ANSWER 2 acetyl CoA + 2 CO2 + 2 NADH
When used as an energy source, proteins will - ANSWER provide the cell with
the same amount of energy per unit weight as glucose provides.
Where are protein hormones made, where do they go, and where do they end
up? - ANSWER ER; golgi; vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane.
Each turn of the citric acid cycle produces ____ NADH - ANSWER 3
Where does the enzymatic reaction of the C3 cycle take place? - ANSWER the
stroma choraplast during photosynthesis
What adds CO2 to ribulose diphosphate? - ANSWER Rubisco
In the carbon reduction phase of the C3 cycle, the production of 12 G3P molecules
requires _ 3-PGA molecules and the use of _ ATPs and _ NADPHs. - ANSWER
12; 12; 12
What does PEP carboxylase do? - ANSWER fixes CO2 into a 4-carbon
compound
What does phosphofructokinase do? - ANSWER phosphorylates fructose 6-
phosphate in glycolysis
