NMTCB Review
Why should lead shielding not be used for beta emitters? - ANSWER-Creates
bremmstrahlung
Bremsstrahlung - ANSWER-Radiation resulting from deceleration of beta particles as
they approach the nuclei of the lead atoms-released as x rays
HVL - ANSWER-Half value layer
The amount of bremsstrahlung _____________ with the density of the material that the
beta particles pass - ANSWER-Increases
Half value layer - ANSWER-The thickness of a material required to reduce the radiation
intensity to half its original value
NRC - ANSWER-Nuclear Regulatory Commission
DOT - ANSWER-Department of Transportation
Type A Packaging - ANSWER-Adequate for normal transport
Type B Packaging - ANSWER-Used for large quantities of radioactivity
What type of packaging is used for routine transport of radio pharmaceuticals? -
ANSWER-Type A
Categories for labeling Type A packages - ANSWER-Measured dose rate, package
surface, 1 m from the surface
TI - ANSWER-Transport Index
Transport index - ANSWER-Dose rate measured at 1 m from the surface
DOT 1 (white) - ANSWER--No more than 0.5 mR/h at surface
-NDR at 1 m
DOT 2 (yellow) - ANSWER--No more than 50 mR/h at surface
-No more than 1 mR/h at 1 m
DOT 3 (yellow) - ANSWER--No more than 200 mR/h at surface
-No more than 10 mR/h at 1 m
, FDA - ANSWER-Food and Drug Administration
IND - ANSWER-Investigational New Drug
What does a radio pharmaceutical need to be distribute for sale? - ANSWER-NDA
NDA - ANSWER-New Drug Authorization
A drug under investigation for future approval - ANSWER-IND
3 factors in reducing external radiation exposure - ANSWER-Time, distance, shielding
Total dose= - ANSWER-(Dose rate)(Time)
Inverse square law= - ANSWER-(I1)(D1)^2=(I2)(D2)^2
Shielding for alpha particles - ANSWER-Sheet of paper
Shielding for beta particles - ANSWER-Plastic or lucite
Energy of positron emitters - ANSWER-511 keV
When are film badges affective? - ANSWER-When measuring radiation exposures of 10
mrem to several hundred rem
What is a film badge made of? - ANSWER-3 or 4 filters of different material (lead,
copper, aluminum, plastic)
TLD - ANSWER-Thermolumimescent dosimeters
Why would a TLD be better than a film badge? - ANSWER-It is not affected by
environmental conditions
Example of a TLD - ANSWER-Ring badge
How does an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter work? - ANSWER-Uses
aluminum oxide to detect radiation
What is more sensitive, a film badge or OSL? - ANSWER-OSL
TEDE - ANSWER-Total effective dose equivalent
DDE - ANSWER-Deep dose equivalent
CEDE - ANSWER-Committed effective dose equivalent
Why should lead shielding not be used for beta emitters? - ANSWER-Creates
bremmstrahlung
Bremsstrahlung - ANSWER-Radiation resulting from deceleration of beta particles as
they approach the nuclei of the lead atoms-released as x rays
HVL - ANSWER-Half value layer
The amount of bremsstrahlung _____________ with the density of the material that the
beta particles pass - ANSWER-Increases
Half value layer - ANSWER-The thickness of a material required to reduce the radiation
intensity to half its original value
NRC - ANSWER-Nuclear Regulatory Commission
DOT - ANSWER-Department of Transportation
Type A Packaging - ANSWER-Adequate for normal transport
Type B Packaging - ANSWER-Used for large quantities of radioactivity
What type of packaging is used for routine transport of radio pharmaceuticals? -
ANSWER-Type A
Categories for labeling Type A packages - ANSWER-Measured dose rate, package
surface, 1 m from the surface
TI - ANSWER-Transport Index
Transport index - ANSWER-Dose rate measured at 1 m from the surface
DOT 1 (white) - ANSWER--No more than 0.5 mR/h at surface
-NDR at 1 m
DOT 2 (yellow) - ANSWER--No more than 50 mR/h at surface
-No more than 1 mR/h at 1 m
DOT 3 (yellow) - ANSWER--No more than 200 mR/h at surface
-No more than 10 mR/h at 1 m
, FDA - ANSWER-Food and Drug Administration
IND - ANSWER-Investigational New Drug
What does a radio pharmaceutical need to be distribute for sale? - ANSWER-NDA
NDA - ANSWER-New Drug Authorization
A drug under investigation for future approval - ANSWER-IND
3 factors in reducing external radiation exposure - ANSWER-Time, distance, shielding
Total dose= - ANSWER-(Dose rate)(Time)
Inverse square law= - ANSWER-(I1)(D1)^2=(I2)(D2)^2
Shielding for alpha particles - ANSWER-Sheet of paper
Shielding for beta particles - ANSWER-Plastic or lucite
Energy of positron emitters - ANSWER-511 keV
When are film badges affective? - ANSWER-When measuring radiation exposures of 10
mrem to several hundred rem
What is a film badge made of? - ANSWER-3 or 4 filters of different material (lead,
copper, aluminum, plastic)
TLD - ANSWER-Thermolumimescent dosimeters
Why would a TLD be better than a film badge? - ANSWER-It is not affected by
environmental conditions
Example of a TLD - ANSWER-Ring badge
How does an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter work? - ANSWER-Uses
aluminum oxide to detect radiation
What is more sensitive, a film badge or OSL? - ANSWER-OSL
TEDE - ANSWER-Total effective dose equivalent
DDE - ANSWER-Deep dose equivalent
CEDE - ANSWER-Committed effective dose equivalent
