1/28/20
BIOLOGY
Chapter 3 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
PowerPoint Image Slideshow
FIGURE 3.1
Foods such as bread, fruit, and cheese are rich sources of biological
macromolecules.(credit: modification of work by Bengt Nyman)
1
, 1/28/20
Critically important molecules of all living things fall into four main classes
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids
The first three of these can form huge molecules called macromolecules
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
OVERVIEW: CARBON COMPOUNDS AND
LIFE
Aside from water, living organisms consist mostly of carbon-based
compounds
Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, complex, and diverse
molecules
A compound containing carbon is said to be an organic compound
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
2
, 1/28/20
THE FORMATION OF BONDS WITH
CARBON
With four valence electrons, carbon can form four covalent bonds with a
variety of atoms
This ability makes large, complex molecules possible
In molecules with multiple carbons, each carbon bonded to four other atoms
has a tetrahedral shape
However, when two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond, the atoms
joined to the carbons are in the same plane as the carbons
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
FIGURE 3.3
Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon
(valence = 1) (valence = 2) (valence = 3) (valence = 4)
10% 65% 3% 18%
Of human body
3
BIOLOGY
Chapter 3 BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
PowerPoint Image Slideshow
FIGURE 3.1
Foods such as bread, fruit, and cheese are rich sources of biological
macromolecules.(credit: modification of work by Bengt Nyman)
1
, 1/28/20
Critically important molecules of all living things fall into four main classes
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids
The first three of these can form huge molecules called macromolecules
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
OVERVIEW: CARBON COMPOUNDS AND
LIFE
Aside from water, living organisms consist mostly of carbon-based
compounds
Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, complex, and diverse
molecules
A compound containing carbon is said to be an organic compound
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
2
, 1/28/20
THE FORMATION OF BONDS WITH
CARBON
With four valence electrons, carbon can form four covalent bonds with a
variety of atoms
This ability makes large, complex molecules possible
In molecules with multiple carbons, each carbon bonded to four other atoms
has a tetrahedral shape
However, when two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond, the atoms
joined to the carbons are in the same plane as the carbons
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
FIGURE 3.3
Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon
(valence = 1) (valence = 2) (valence = 3) (valence = 4)
10% 65% 3% 18%
Of human body
3
