EXP3604 EXAM 4 questions with verified
answers graded A+
Deductive reasoning - correct answer ✔✔you begin with some specific premises that are true,
and you need to judge whether those premises allow you to draw a particular conclusion, based
on the principles of logic
Conditional reasoning task (Propositional reasoning task) - correct answer ✔✔describes the
relationship between conditions. Here's a typical conditional reasoning task: If a child is allergic
to peanuts, then eating peanuts produces a breathing problem. A child has a breathing
problem. Therefore, this child has eaten peanuts.
Syllogism - correct answer ✔✔consists of two statements that we must assume to be true, plus
a conclusion. Syllogisms refer to quantities, so they use the words all, none, some, and other
similar terms. Here's a typical syllogism: Some psychology majors are friendly people. Some
friendly people are concerned about poverty. Therefore, some psychology majors are concerned
about poverty.
Propositional calculus - correct answer ✔✔which is a system for categorizing the four kinds of
reasoning used in analyzing propositions or statements.
Propositions - correct answer ✔✔statements
antecedent - correct answer ✔✔refers to the first proposition or statement; the antecedent is
contained in the "if..." part of the sentence.
Consequent - correct answer ✔✔refers to the proposition that comes second; it is the
consequence. The consequent is contained in the "then..." part of the sentence.
, Affirming the antecedent - correct answer ✔✔it means that you say that the "if..." part of the
sentence is true. As shown in the upper-left corner of Table 12.1, this kind of reasoning leads to
a valid, or correct, conclusion.
Affirming the consequent - correct answer ✔✔means that you say that the "then..." part of the
sentence is true. This kind of reasoning leads to an invalid conclusion.
Denying the Antecedent - correct answer ✔✔means that you say that the"if..."part of the
sentence is false. Denying the antecedent also leads to an invalid conclusion
Denying the consequent - correct answer ✔✔means that you say that the "then..." part of the
sentence is false.
Dual-process theory - correct answer ✔✔which distinguishes between two types of cognitive
processing
type 1 processing - correct answer ✔✔is fast and automatic; it requires little conscious
attention. For example, we use Type 1 processing during depth perception, recognition of facial
expression, and automatic stereotyping
type 2 processing - correct answer ✔✔is relatively slow and controlled. It requires focused
attention, and it is typically more accurate.For example, we use Type 2 processing when we
think of exceptions to a general rule, when we realize that we made a stereotyped response,
and when we acknowledge that our Type 1 response may have been incorrect.
Belief Bias effect - correct answer ✔✔occurs in reasoning when people make judgments based
on prior beliefs and general knowledge, rather than on the rules of logic. In general, people
make errors when the logic of a reasoning problem conflicts with their background knowledge
Confirmation Bias - correct answer ✔✔they would rather try to conform or support a
hypothesis than try to disprove it
answers graded A+
Deductive reasoning - correct answer ✔✔you begin with some specific premises that are true,
and you need to judge whether those premises allow you to draw a particular conclusion, based
on the principles of logic
Conditional reasoning task (Propositional reasoning task) - correct answer ✔✔describes the
relationship between conditions. Here's a typical conditional reasoning task: If a child is allergic
to peanuts, then eating peanuts produces a breathing problem. A child has a breathing
problem. Therefore, this child has eaten peanuts.
Syllogism - correct answer ✔✔consists of two statements that we must assume to be true, plus
a conclusion. Syllogisms refer to quantities, so they use the words all, none, some, and other
similar terms. Here's a typical syllogism: Some psychology majors are friendly people. Some
friendly people are concerned about poverty. Therefore, some psychology majors are concerned
about poverty.
Propositional calculus - correct answer ✔✔which is a system for categorizing the four kinds of
reasoning used in analyzing propositions or statements.
Propositions - correct answer ✔✔statements
antecedent - correct answer ✔✔refers to the first proposition or statement; the antecedent is
contained in the "if..." part of the sentence.
Consequent - correct answer ✔✔refers to the proposition that comes second; it is the
consequence. The consequent is contained in the "then..." part of the sentence.
, Affirming the antecedent - correct answer ✔✔it means that you say that the "if..." part of the
sentence is true. As shown in the upper-left corner of Table 12.1, this kind of reasoning leads to
a valid, or correct, conclusion.
Affirming the consequent - correct answer ✔✔means that you say that the "then..." part of the
sentence is true. This kind of reasoning leads to an invalid conclusion.
Denying the Antecedent - correct answer ✔✔means that you say that the"if..."part of the
sentence is false. Denying the antecedent also leads to an invalid conclusion
Denying the consequent - correct answer ✔✔means that you say that the "then..." part of the
sentence is false.
Dual-process theory - correct answer ✔✔which distinguishes between two types of cognitive
processing
type 1 processing - correct answer ✔✔is fast and automatic; it requires little conscious
attention. For example, we use Type 1 processing during depth perception, recognition of facial
expression, and automatic stereotyping
type 2 processing - correct answer ✔✔is relatively slow and controlled. It requires focused
attention, and it is typically more accurate.For example, we use Type 2 processing when we
think of exceptions to a general rule, when we realize that we made a stereotyped response,
and when we acknowledge that our Type 1 response may have been incorrect.
Belief Bias effect - correct answer ✔✔occurs in reasoning when people make judgments based
on prior beliefs and general knowledge, rather than on the rules of logic. In general, people
make errors when the logic of a reasoning problem conflicts with their background knowledge
Confirmation Bias - correct answer ✔✔they would rather try to conform or support a
hypothesis than try to disprove it
