Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020) allchapters included

TEST BANK
NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC
RESPIRATORY CARE
5th Edition, Walsh




TEST BANK

,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank

Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
Chapter 13. Airway Management
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
Chapter 27. Asthma
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Chapter 30. Shock
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety

,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
of a capillary network around airway passages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular

ANS: D fh


The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 we
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh


eks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular ch
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh


annels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air pa
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh



ssages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh


gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system deve
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lops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh


place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh f



hbecome alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh


exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh f


hstage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stag
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh



e is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh




REF: pp. 3-5 fh f h




2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh f


hbe present in the lungs for life develop?
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh


a. 6 months fh


b. 1 year fh


c. 1.5 years fh


d. 2 years fh




ANS: C fh


Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh f



At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years
h fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh


of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alve
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh



oli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh




REF: p. 6 fh fh




3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh f



hstenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh

, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A fh


The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in de
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh


velopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosi
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh



s. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an abnorm
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh


ally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop duri
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh



ng the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematu
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh



rely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airway
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh



s, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh f



rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
h fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh




REF: fhfh p. 6 fh




4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh f


holigohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? fh fh fh




I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism fh fh


II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall fh fh fh fh fh



III. Interference with fetal breathing fh fh fh



IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid fh fh fh fh fh


a. I and III only
fh fh fh


b. II and III only fh fh fh


c. I, II, and IV onlyfh fh fh fh


d. II, III, and IV only fh fh fh fh




ANS: D fh


Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh


with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by wh
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh



ich amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for red
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh



uced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh


with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental o
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh



bservations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth s
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh



timulant.

REF: pp. 6-7 fh fh




5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh fh


a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
fh fh fh fh fh fh


b. To reduce surface tension fh fh fh


c. To maintain lung elasticity fh fh fh


d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
fh fh fh fh fh fh fh