EXP3604C Exam 1 FSU questions with
verified answers graded A+ updated
What is trained introspection? What are some of the problems it had? *(Ch.1)* - correct answer
✔✔*DEFINITION*
--*"Report all of the basic qualities that consciously could not be reduced to something
simpler."*
--"looking within"
--Report the curvature, and the color, of an apple, but NOT the fact that it has a stem, since that
can be reduced to a simpler collection of curves.
*PROBLEMS WITH IT*
1. *lack of replicability*
--finding were very hard to replicate
--if two researchers sat down and were asked separatley to list the elements of the same object,
they would come up with different properties
2. *conflicts unresolvable*
3. *"imageless thought"*
*FROM BOOK*
- limited as a research tool because some thoughts are unconscious
- can't be causal
What is "behaviorism"? How did it dominate American psychology? (Study changes in likelihood
of behavior due to its consequences.) How was behaviorism (and the people who studied it)
criticized? *(Ch.1)* - correct answer ✔✔- Shift to *Behaviorism*: Behavior controlled by
consequences, rewards and punishments; stay out of the mind
,*CRITIQUES*
-if we follow the behaviorists instruction and focus only on the objective situation, we will often
mis-understand why people are doing what they're doing and make the wrong predictions
about how they'll behave in the future
-different stimuli elicit the same/different behavior (it's the interpretation of meaning that
determines the response)
-The desire to be more scientific led to changes in psychology during the first half of the
twentieth century.
-The focus switched to stimuli and behaviors that could be objectively studied.
-Introspection and other "mentalistic" approaches were now avoided.
What arguments were made that we needed to study cognitive processes, as well as different
behavior in different circumstances? Give an example of a practical question that was clearly
cognitive (Refer to the instance where there are identical switches below the pilot's seat in an
airplane and picking one can determine whether or not the airplane crashes). *(Ch.1)* - correct
answer ✔✔- behavior cannot be understood only in terms of stimuli and responses
- behavior also depends on things like perception, understanding, interpretation and strategy
- in all these cases, it is the interpretation of meaning that determines the response
What is the transcendental method of reasoning? *(Ch.1)* - correct answer ✔✔-you begin with
the observable facts and then work backward from these observations
-in essence, you ask: how could these observations have come about? what must be the
underlying causes that led to these effects
, -Apparently, it's backwards from observations to hypothetical causes, but study up on that
because this description may or may not include everything the teacher expects us to know
about.)
The cognitive method tries to develop models that account for results of many experiments.
Give an example of working memory as a cognitive model *(Ch.1)* - correct answer ✔✔-
*Working memory* is the temporary storage system in which information is held while it is
currently being worked on.
--"This includes a sentence being said out loud, like this one."
-We will use working memory as an example of how research in cognitive psychology works.
--Also could remember things visually (rather than by saying them to yourselves)--- call that
"visuo-spatial sketch pad"
--But can also remember some things that are multimodel (think of elephant trumpeting, hold
that thought).---call that episodic buffer
--*Central executive*: attention and attention control, planning strategy
Articulatory rehearsal loop (not on study guide) *(Ch.1)* - correct answer ✔✔The articulatory
rehearsal loop has two elements:
*subvocalization*—silently pronouncing words
*a phonological buffer*—memory store of sound of words, last 1-2 seconds
Things we can measure in cognitive: *(Ch.1)* - correct answer ✔✔1. Proportion correct on test
(how many you digits you recall on digit span)
2. Speed with which you can successfully do something, also called Reaction Time (or RT)
verified answers graded A+ updated
What is trained introspection? What are some of the problems it had? *(Ch.1)* - correct answer
✔✔*DEFINITION*
--*"Report all of the basic qualities that consciously could not be reduced to something
simpler."*
--"looking within"
--Report the curvature, and the color, of an apple, but NOT the fact that it has a stem, since that
can be reduced to a simpler collection of curves.
*PROBLEMS WITH IT*
1. *lack of replicability*
--finding were very hard to replicate
--if two researchers sat down and were asked separatley to list the elements of the same object,
they would come up with different properties
2. *conflicts unresolvable*
3. *"imageless thought"*
*FROM BOOK*
- limited as a research tool because some thoughts are unconscious
- can't be causal
What is "behaviorism"? How did it dominate American psychology? (Study changes in likelihood
of behavior due to its consequences.) How was behaviorism (and the people who studied it)
criticized? *(Ch.1)* - correct answer ✔✔- Shift to *Behaviorism*: Behavior controlled by
consequences, rewards and punishments; stay out of the mind
,*CRITIQUES*
-if we follow the behaviorists instruction and focus only on the objective situation, we will often
mis-understand why people are doing what they're doing and make the wrong predictions
about how they'll behave in the future
-different stimuli elicit the same/different behavior (it's the interpretation of meaning that
determines the response)
-The desire to be more scientific led to changes in psychology during the first half of the
twentieth century.
-The focus switched to stimuli and behaviors that could be objectively studied.
-Introspection and other "mentalistic" approaches were now avoided.
What arguments were made that we needed to study cognitive processes, as well as different
behavior in different circumstances? Give an example of a practical question that was clearly
cognitive (Refer to the instance where there are identical switches below the pilot's seat in an
airplane and picking one can determine whether or not the airplane crashes). *(Ch.1)* - correct
answer ✔✔- behavior cannot be understood only in terms of stimuli and responses
- behavior also depends on things like perception, understanding, interpretation and strategy
- in all these cases, it is the interpretation of meaning that determines the response
What is the transcendental method of reasoning? *(Ch.1)* - correct answer ✔✔-you begin with
the observable facts and then work backward from these observations
-in essence, you ask: how could these observations have come about? what must be the
underlying causes that led to these effects
, -Apparently, it's backwards from observations to hypothetical causes, but study up on that
because this description may or may not include everything the teacher expects us to know
about.)
The cognitive method tries to develop models that account for results of many experiments.
Give an example of working memory as a cognitive model *(Ch.1)* - correct answer ✔✔-
*Working memory* is the temporary storage system in which information is held while it is
currently being worked on.
--"This includes a sentence being said out loud, like this one."
-We will use working memory as an example of how research in cognitive psychology works.
--Also could remember things visually (rather than by saying them to yourselves)--- call that
"visuo-spatial sketch pad"
--But can also remember some things that are multimodel (think of elephant trumpeting, hold
that thought).---call that episodic buffer
--*Central executive*: attention and attention control, planning strategy
Articulatory rehearsal loop (not on study guide) *(Ch.1)* - correct answer ✔✔The articulatory
rehearsal loop has two elements:
*subvocalization*—silently pronouncing words
*a phonological buffer*—memory store of sound of words, last 1-2 seconds
Things we can measure in cognitive: *(Ch.1)* - correct answer ✔✔1. Proportion correct on test
(how many you digits you recall on digit span)
2. Speed with which you can successfully do something, also called Reaction Time (or RT)
