1. A nurse is caring for a client receiving antibiotics for a
urinary tract infection. Which of the following should the
nurse include in the teaching?
A. "Increase your fluid intake to help prevent crystal
formation."
B. "Avoid citrus fruits while taking this medication."
C. "Take the medication on an empty stomach."
D. "You can stop the medication once your symptoms
subside."
Answer: a) "Increase your fluid intake to help prevent
crystal formation."
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake can help dilute the urine
and prevent crystal formation, which can occur with some
antibiotics like sulfonamides.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an IV
infusion of potassium chloride. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take?
A. Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia.
B. Administer potassium chloride rapidly to avoid irritation.
C. Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a large volume
of fluid.
D. Discontinue the infusion if the client has a pulse rate
above 100 bpm.
Answer: c) Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a
large volume of fluid.
Rationale: Potassium chloride should be infused slowly and
properly diluted to avoid adverse effects like cardiac
arrhythmias or vein irritation.
,3. A client is prescribed acetaminophen for pain
management. Which of the following is a priority nursing
consideration?
A. Monitor for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding
B. Monitor for hepatotoxicity with long-term use
C. Monitor the client's blood pressure
D. Monitor the client's heart rate
Answer: b) Monitor for hepatotoxicity with long-term use
Rationale: Acetaminophen, when used long-term or in high
doses, can cause liver damage. The nurse should monitor
liver function.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed
atorvastatin. The nurse should monitor the client for which
of the following adverse effects?
A. Muscle pain or weakness
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Weight gain
D. Blurred vision
Answer: a) Muscle pain or weakness
Rationale: Atorvastatin and other statins can cause muscle
pain or weakness (myopathy), which can indicate a more
serious condition called rhabdomyolysis.
5. A nurse is teaching a client with a new prescription for
warfarin. Which of the following foods should the client
avoid while taking this medication?
A. Avocados
B. Oranges
C. Grapefruit
D. Leafy green vegetables
Answer: d) Leafy green vegetables
, Rationale: Leafy green vegetables are high in vitamin K,
which can interfere with the anticoagulant effect of
warfarin. Clients should maintain a consistent intake of
vitamin K.
6. A nurse is administering a dose of insulin to a client with
diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the
nurse take before administering the insulin?
A. Assess the client's blood glucose level
B. Administer the insulin after the meal
C. Shake the vial of insulin before use
D. Monitor the client for signs of hyperglycemia
Answer: a) Assess the client's blood glucose level
Rationale: It is important to assess the client's blood
glucose level before administering insulin to ensure that the
correct dose is given based on the client's current glucose
level.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed aspirin for
the prevention of myocardial infarction. Which of the
following should the nurse monitor for as an adverse effect?
A. Increased platelet count
B. Gastrointestinal bleeding
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Hypertension
Answer: b) Gastrointestinal bleeding
Rationale: Aspirin can irritate the gastrointestinal tract,
leading to an increased risk of bleeding. The nurse should
monitor for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, such as
black, tarry stools.
8. A nurse is teaching a client who is prescribed a selective
urinary tract infection. Which of the following should the
nurse include in the teaching?
A. "Increase your fluid intake to help prevent crystal
formation."
B. "Avoid citrus fruits while taking this medication."
C. "Take the medication on an empty stomach."
D. "You can stop the medication once your symptoms
subside."
Answer: a) "Increase your fluid intake to help prevent
crystal formation."
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake can help dilute the urine
and prevent crystal formation, which can occur with some
antibiotics like sulfonamides.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an IV
infusion of potassium chloride. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take?
A. Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia.
B. Administer potassium chloride rapidly to avoid irritation.
C. Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a large volume
of fluid.
D. Discontinue the infusion if the client has a pulse rate
above 100 bpm.
Answer: c) Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a
large volume of fluid.
Rationale: Potassium chloride should be infused slowly and
properly diluted to avoid adverse effects like cardiac
arrhythmias or vein irritation.
,3. A client is prescribed acetaminophen for pain
management. Which of the following is a priority nursing
consideration?
A. Monitor for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding
B. Monitor for hepatotoxicity with long-term use
C. Monitor the client's blood pressure
D. Monitor the client's heart rate
Answer: b) Monitor for hepatotoxicity with long-term use
Rationale: Acetaminophen, when used long-term or in high
doses, can cause liver damage. The nurse should monitor
liver function.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed
atorvastatin. The nurse should monitor the client for which
of the following adverse effects?
A. Muscle pain or weakness
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Weight gain
D. Blurred vision
Answer: a) Muscle pain or weakness
Rationale: Atorvastatin and other statins can cause muscle
pain or weakness (myopathy), which can indicate a more
serious condition called rhabdomyolysis.
5. A nurse is teaching a client with a new prescription for
warfarin. Which of the following foods should the client
avoid while taking this medication?
A. Avocados
B. Oranges
C. Grapefruit
D. Leafy green vegetables
Answer: d) Leafy green vegetables
, Rationale: Leafy green vegetables are high in vitamin K,
which can interfere with the anticoagulant effect of
warfarin. Clients should maintain a consistent intake of
vitamin K.
6. A nurse is administering a dose of insulin to a client with
diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the
nurse take before administering the insulin?
A. Assess the client's blood glucose level
B. Administer the insulin after the meal
C. Shake the vial of insulin before use
D. Monitor the client for signs of hyperglycemia
Answer: a) Assess the client's blood glucose level
Rationale: It is important to assess the client's blood
glucose level before administering insulin to ensure that the
correct dose is given based on the client's current glucose
level.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed aspirin for
the prevention of myocardial infarction. Which of the
following should the nurse monitor for as an adverse effect?
A. Increased platelet count
B. Gastrointestinal bleeding
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Hypertension
Answer: b) Gastrointestinal bleeding
Rationale: Aspirin can irritate the gastrointestinal tract,
leading to an increased risk of bleeding. The nurse should
monitor for signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, such as
black, tarry stools.
8. A nurse is teaching a client who is prescribed a selective
