NURS 208
NURS 208 Final Exam Questions and
Answers 2025
A nurse working in a primary care facility assesses patients who are experiencing
various levels of health and illness. Which statements define these two concepts?
Select all that apply.
Health and illness are the same for all people.
Health and illness are individually defined by each person.
People with acute illnesses are actually healthy.
People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs.
Health is more than the absence of illness.
Illness is the response of a person to a disease. -Correct Answer ✔b, e, f. Each person
defines health and illness individually, based on a number of factors. Health is more
than just the absence of illness; it is an active process in which a person moves toward
his or her maximum potential. An illness is the response of the person to a disease.
A nurse working in a hospital setting cares for patients with acute and chronic
conditions. Which disease states are chronic illnesses? Select all that apply.
Diabetes mellitus
Bronchial pneumonia
Rheumatoid arthritis
Cystic fibrosis
Fractured hip
Otitis media -Correct Answer ✔a, c, d. Diabetes, arthritis, and cystic fibrosis are chronic
diseases because they are permanent changes caused by irreversible alterations in
normal anatomy and physiology, and they require patient education along with a long
period of care or support. Pneumonia, fractures, and otitis media are acute illnesses
because they have a rapid onset of symptoms that last a relatively short time.
Despite a national focus on health promotion, nurses working with patients in inner-city
clinics continue to see disparities in health care for vulnerable populations. Which
patients are considered vulnerable populations? Select all that apply.
A White male diagnosed with HIV
An African American teenager who is 6 months pregnant
A Hispanic male who has type II diabetes
A low-income family living in rural America
A middle-class teacher living in a large city
A White baby who was born with cerebral palsy -Correct Answer ✔b, c, d, f. National
trends in the prevention of health disparities are focused on vulnerable populations,
such as racial and ethnic minorities, those living in poverty, women, children, older
adults, rural and inner-city residents, and people with disabilities and special health care
needs.
NURS 208
,NURS 208
A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local clinic. What level of
care is the nurse demonstrating?
Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
Promotive -Correct Answer ✔c. Giving influenza injections is an example of primary
health promotion and illness prevention.
A patient in a community health clinic tells the nurse, "I have a high temperature, feel
awful, and I am not going to work." What stage of illness behavior is the patient
exhibiting?
Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: Assuming the sick role
Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation -Correct Answer ✔b. Stage 2: Assuming
the sick role. When people assume the sick role, they define themselves as ill, seek
validation of this experience from others, and give up normal activities. In stage 1:
Experiencing symptoms, the first indication of an illness usually is recognizing one or
more symptoms that are incompatible with one's personal definition of health. The stage
of assuming a dependent role is characterized by the patient's decision to accept the
diagnosis and follow the prescribed treatment plan. In the achieving recovery and
rehabilitation role, the person gives up the dependent role and resumes normal
activities and responsibilities.
Based on the components of the physical human dimension, the nurse would expect
which clinic patient to be most likely to have annual breast examinations and
mammograms?
Jane, whose best friend had a benign breast lump removed
Sarah, who lives in a low-income neighborhood
Tricia, who has a family history of breast cancer
Nancy, whose family encourages regular physical examinations -Correct Answer ✔c.
The physical dimension includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race,
and biological sex. These components strongly influence the person's health status and
health practices. A family history of breast cancer is a major risk factor.
Nurses perform health promotion activities at a primary, secondary, or tertiary level.
Which nursing actions are considered tertiary health promotion? Select all that apply.
A nurse runs an immunization clinic in the inner city.
A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb.
A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient.
A nurse teaches parents of toddlers how to childproof their homes.
A school nurse provides screening for scoliosis for the students.
A nurse teaches new parents how to choose and use an infant car seat. -Correct
Answer ✔b, c. Tertiary health promotion and disease prevention begins after an illness
is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate patients to a
maximum level of functioning. These activities include providing ROM exercises and
NURS 208
,NURS 208
patient teaching for residual limb care. Providing immunizations and teaching parents
how to childproof their homes and use an appropriate car seat are primary health
promotion activities. Providing screenings is a secondary health promotion activity.
The nurse uses the agent-host-environment model of health and illness to assess
diseases in patients. This model is based on what concept?
Risk factors
Demographic variables
Behaviors to promote health
Stages of illness -Correct Answer ✔a. The interaction of the agent, host, and
environment creates risk factors that increase the probability of disease.
A nurse incorporates concepts from current models of health when providing health
promotion classes for patients. What is a key concept of both the health-illness
continuum and the high-level wellness models?
Illness as a fixed point in time
The importance of family
Wellness as a passive state
Health as a constantly changing state -Correct Answer ✔d. Both these models view
health as a dynamic (constantly changing state).
A nurse working in a long-term care facility personally follows accepted guidelines for a
healthy lifestyle. How does this nurse promote health in the residents of this facility?
By being a role model for healthy behaviors
By not requiring sick days from work
By never exposing others to any type of illness
By budgeting time and resources efficiently -Correct Answer ✔a. Good personal health
enables the nurse to serve as a role model for patients and families.
A nurse uses Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs to direct care for patients on an
intensive care unit. For which nursing activities is this approach most useful?
Making accurate nursing diagnoses
Establishing priorities of care
Communicating concerns more concisely
Integrating science into nursing care -Correct Answer ✔b. Maslow's hierarchy of basic
human needs is useful for establishing priorities of care.
The nurse is prioritizing nursing care for a patient in a long-term care facility. Which
examples of nursing interventions help meet physiologic needs? Select all that apply.
Preventing falls in the facility
Changing a patient's oxygen tank
Providing materials for a patient who likes to draw
Helping a patient eat his dinner
Facilitating a visit from a spouse
Referring a patient to a cancer support group. -Correct Answer ✔b, d. Physiologic
needs—oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature, sexuality, physical activity, and
NURS 208
, NURS 208
rest—must be met at least minimally to maintain life. Providing food and oxygen are
examples of interventions to meet these needs. Preventing falls helps meet safety and
security needs; providing art supplies may help meet self-actualization needs;
facilitating visits from loved ones helps meet self-esteem needs; and referring a patient
to a support group helps meet love and belonging needs.
The nurse caring for patients postoperatively uses careful hand hygiene and sterile
techniques when handling patients. Which of Maslow's basic human needs is being met
by this nurse?
Physiologic
Safety and security
Self-esteem
Love and belonging -Correct Answer ✔b. By carrying out careful hand hygiene and
using sterile technique, nurses provide safety from infection. An example of a
physiologic need is clearing a patient's airway. Self-esteem needs may be met by
allowing an older adult to talk about a past career. An example of helping meet a love
and belonging need is contacting a hospitalized patient's family to arrange a visit.
A nurse caring for patients in a long-term care facility uses available resources to help
patients achieve Maslow's highest level of needs: self-actualization needs. Which
statements accurately describe these needs? Select all that apply.
Humans are born with a fully developed sense of self-actualization.
Self-actualization needs are met by depending on others for help.
The self-actualization process continues throughout life.
Loneliness and isolation occur when self-actualization needs are unmet.
A person achieves self-actualization by focusing on problems outside self.
Self-actualization needs may be met by creatively solving problems. -Correct Answer
✔c, e, f. Self-actualization, or reaching one's full potential, is a process that continues
throughout life. A person achieves self-actualization by focusing on problems outside
oneself and using creativity as a guideline for solving problems and pursuing interests.
Humans are not born with a fully developed sense of self-actualization, and self-
actualization needs are not met specifically by depending on others for help. Loneliness
and isolation are not always the result of unmet self-actualization needs.
A nurse works with families in crisis at a community mental health care facility. What is
the BEST broad definition of a family?
A father, a mother, and children
A group whose members are biologically related
A unit that includes aunts, uncles, and cousins
A group of people who live together and depend on each other for support -Correct
Answer ✔d. Although all the responses may be true, the best definition is a group of
people who live together and depend on each other for physical, emotional, or financial
support.
A nurse performs an assessment of a family consisting of a single mother, a
grandmother, and two children. Which interview questions directed to the single mother
NURS 208
NURS 208 Final Exam Questions and
Answers 2025
A nurse working in a primary care facility assesses patients who are experiencing
various levels of health and illness. Which statements define these two concepts?
Select all that apply.
Health and illness are the same for all people.
Health and illness are individually defined by each person.
People with acute illnesses are actually healthy.
People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs.
Health is more than the absence of illness.
Illness is the response of a person to a disease. -Correct Answer ✔b, e, f. Each person
defines health and illness individually, based on a number of factors. Health is more
than just the absence of illness; it is an active process in which a person moves toward
his or her maximum potential. An illness is the response of the person to a disease.
A nurse working in a hospital setting cares for patients with acute and chronic
conditions. Which disease states are chronic illnesses? Select all that apply.
Diabetes mellitus
Bronchial pneumonia
Rheumatoid arthritis
Cystic fibrosis
Fractured hip
Otitis media -Correct Answer ✔a, c, d. Diabetes, arthritis, and cystic fibrosis are chronic
diseases because they are permanent changes caused by irreversible alterations in
normal anatomy and physiology, and they require patient education along with a long
period of care or support. Pneumonia, fractures, and otitis media are acute illnesses
because they have a rapid onset of symptoms that last a relatively short time.
Despite a national focus on health promotion, nurses working with patients in inner-city
clinics continue to see disparities in health care for vulnerable populations. Which
patients are considered vulnerable populations? Select all that apply.
A White male diagnosed with HIV
An African American teenager who is 6 months pregnant
A Hispanic male who has type II diabetes
A low-income family living in rural America
A middle-class teacher living in a large city
A White baby who was born with cerebral palsy -Correct Answer ✔b, c, d, f. National
trends in the prevention of health disparities are focused on vulnerable populations,
such as racial and ethnic minorities, those living in poverty, women, children, older
adults, rural and inner-city residents, and people with disabilities and special health care
needs.
NURS 208
,NURS 208
A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local clinic. What level of
care is the nurse demonstrating?
Tertiary
Secondary
Primary
Promotive -Correct Answer ✔c. Giving influenza injections is an example of primary
health promotion and illness prevention.
A patient in a community health clinic tells the nurse, "I have a high temperature, feel
awful, and I am not going to work." What stage of illness behavior is the patient
exhibiting?
Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: Assuming the sick role
Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation -Correct Answer ✔b. Stage 2: Assuming
the sick role. When people assume the sick role, they define themselves as ill, seek
validation of this experience from others, and give up normal activities. In stage 1:
Experiencing symptoms, the first indication of an illness usually is recognizing one or
more symptoms that are incompatible with one's personal definition of health. The stage
of assuming a dependent role is characterized by the patient's decision to accept the
diagnosis and follow the prescribed treatment plan. In the achieving recovery and
rehabilitation role, the person gives up the dependent role and resumes normal
activities and responsibilities.
Based on the components of the physical human dimension, the nurse would expect
which clinic patient to be most likely to have annual breast examinations and
mammograms?
Jane, whose best friend had a benign breast lump removed
Sarah, who lives in a low-income neighborhood
Tricia, who has a family history of breast cancer
Nancy, whose family encourages regular physical examinations -Correct Answer ✔c.
The physical dimension includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race,
and biological sex. These components strongly influence the person's health status and
health practices. A family history of breast cancer is a major risk factor.
Nurses perform health promotion activities at a primary, secondary, or tertiary level.
Which nursing actions are considered tertiary health promotion? Select all that apply.
A nurse runs an immunization clinic in the inner city.
A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb.
A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient.
A nurse teaches parents of toddlers how to childproof their homes.
A school nurse provides screening for scoliosis for the students.
A nurse teaches new parents how to choose and use an infant car seat. -Correct
Answer ✔b, c. Tertiary health promotion and disease prevention begins after an illness
is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate patients to a
maximum level of functioning. These activities include providing ROM exercises and
NURS 208
,NURS 208
patient teaching for residual limb care. Providing immunizations and teaching parents
how to childproof their homes and use an appropriate car seat are primary health
promotion activities. Providing screenings is a secondary health promotion activity.
The nurse uses the agent-host-environment model of health and illness to assess
diseases in patients. This model is based on what concept?
Risk factors
Demographic variables
Behaviors to promote health
Stages of illness -Correct Answer ✔a. The interaction of the agent, host, and
environment creates risk factors that increase the probability of disease.
A nurse incorporates concepts from current models of health when providing health
promotion classes for patients. What is a key concept of both the health-illness
continuum and the high-level wellness models?
Illness as a fixed point in time
The importance of family
Wellness as a passive state
Health as a constantly changing state -Correct Answer ✔d. Both these models view
health as a dynamic (constantly changing state).
A nurse working in a long-term care facility personally follows accepted guidelines for a
healthy lifestyle. How does this nurse promote health in the residents of this facility?
By being a role model for healthy behaviors
By not requiring sick days from work
By never exposing others to any type of illness
By budgeting time and resources efficiently -Correct Answer ✔a. Good personal health
enables the nurse to serve as a role model for patients and families.
A nurse uses Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs to direct care for patients on an
intensive care unit. For which nursing activities is this approach most useful?
Making accurate nursing diagnoses
Establishing priorities of care
Communicating concerns more concisely
Integrating science into nursing care -Correct Answer ✔b. Maslow's hierarchy of basic
human needs is useful for establishing priorities of care.
The nurse is prioritizing nursing care for a patient in a long-term care facility. Which
examples of nursing interventions help meet physiologic needs? Select all that apply.
Preventing falls in the facility
Changing a patient's oxygen tank
Providing materials for a patient who likes to draw
Helping a patient eat his dinner
Facilitating a visit from a spouse
Referring a patient to a cancer support group. -Correct Answer ✔b, d. Physiologic
needs—oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature, sexuality, physical activity, and
NURS 208
, NURS 208
rest—must be met at least minimally to maintain life. Providing food and oxygen are
examples of interventions to meet these needs. Preventing falls helps meet safety and
security needs; providing art supplies may help meet self-actualization needs;
facilitating visits from loved ones helps meet self-esteem needs; and referring a patient
to a support group helps meet love and belonging needs.
The nurse caring for patients postoperatively uses careful hand hygiene and sterile
techniques when handling patients. Which of Maslow's basic human needs is being met
by this nurse?
Physiologic
Safety and security
Self-esteem
Love and belonging -Correct Answer ✔b. By carrying out careful hand hygiene and
using sterile technique, nurses provide safety from infection. An example of a
physiologic need is clearing a patient's airway. Self-esteem needs may be met by
allowing an older adult to talk about a past career. An example of helping meet a love
and belonging need is contacting a hospitalized patient's family to arrange a visit.
A nurse caring for patients in a long-term care facility uses available resources to help
patients achieve Maslow's highest level of needs: self-actualization needs. Which
statements accurately describe these needs? Select all that apply.
Humans are born with a fully developed sense of self-actualization.
Self-actualization needs are met by depending on others for help.
The self-actualization process continues throughout life.
Loneliness and isolation occur when self-actualization needs are unmet.
A person achieves self-actualization by focusing on problems outside self.
Self-actualization needs may be met by creatively solving problems. -Correct Answer
✔c, e, f. Self-actualization, or reaching one's full potential, is a process that continues
throughout life. A person achieves self-actualization by focusing on problems outside
oneself and using creativity as a guideline for solving problems and pursuing interests.
Humans are not born with a fully developed sense of self-actualization, and self-
actualization needs are not met specifically by depending on others for help. Loneliness
and isolation are not always the result of unmet self-actualization needs.
A nurse works with families in crisis at a community mental health care facility. What is
the BEST broad definition of a family?
A father, a mother, and children
A group whose members are biologically related
A unit that includes aunts, uncles, and cousins
A group of people who live together and depend on each other for support -Correct
Answer ✔d. Although all the responses may be true, the best definition is a group of
people who live together and depend on each other for physical, emotional, or financial
support.
A nurse performs an assessment of a family consisting of a single mother, a
grandmother, and two children. Which interview questions directed to the single mother
NURS 208
