WEB WOC Continence Care Questions and
Answers 100% Solved
external anal sphincter composed of smooth muscle that maintains sphincter tone
(contraction) and striated muscle that permits voluntary control/contractility
parasympathetic nervous system part of the autonomic nervous system that acts to
promote colonic peristalsis and motility activity
sympathetic nervous system part of the autonomic nervous system that acts to reduce
intestinal motility and secretions
soluble fiber foods that contain soluble fiber have the ability to absorb and retain water
*use to help resolve diarrhea
insoluble fiber foods that contain insoluble fiber add bulk to the stool and do not absorb
water
,*use to help resolve constipation
irritable bowel syndrome cause is unknown but thought to be multifactorial including:
multifactorial: visceral hypersensitivity, enhanced GI permeability known as "leaky gut", altered
composition of the GI microbiota, low-grade inflammation, altered immune response,
autonomic nervous system dysfunction, altered bile acid metabolism, and psychological distress
IBS s/s Abdominal pain, bloating and distention, feelings of incomplete emptying,
changes in stool frequency and consistency, pain relieved by defecation, Abdominal pain
associated with eating and intraluminal stimulation such as gas, constipation and/or diarrhea
obstructed defecation syndrome disorders that are characterized by the inability to
eliminate normally, even when the stool is an ideal form/consistency. May be the result of
muscle/sphincter control issues or mechanical obstacles
pelvic floor dyssynergia *most common cause of obstructed defecation syndrome*
,results from the inability to coordinate pelvic floor and sphincter relaxation and abdominal
muscle contraction. Person inadvertently contracts sphincter when trying to relax it
diagnosis: sphincter remains contracted when person is instructed to bear down, Impaired
rectal sensation, Diagnosed with anorectal manometry
treatment: Pelvic muscle re-education using biofeedback
rectocele *type of obstructive defecation syndrome*
herniation/prolapse of the anterior rectal wall into the posterior vagina
diagnosis: may coexist with rectal bleeding and urinary incontinence, Patient may admit
supporting perineum through vagina (splinting) to facilitate defecation, May be identified pelvic
exam and defecography - radiographic visualization of rectoanal function, When visible, intact
bowel is visualized - looking at the outside wall of the bowel with stool contained inside
treatment: conservative treatment (pelvic floor exercises, diet/stool management), Pessary,
Surgery to repair
, rectal prolapse *type of obstructed defecation syndrome*
rectal mucosa protrudes through the anus
diagnosis: Can be assessed with patient in a lying and standing position. Prolapse will be visible
upon bearing down, Inside mucosa of the bowel visualized, Incontinence common
treatment: Surgical repair is indicated to avoid innervation complications
passive incontinence the leakage of mucus, liquid, or solid stool without awareness by
the individual that any stool has been passed
urge incontinence sudden urge to defecate without being able to hold in stool long
enough to reach the bathroom before defecation occurs
flatus incontinence the involuntary passing of gas or small amounts of stool and may be
the first sign of fecal incontinence development
Answers 100% Solved
external anal sphincter composed of smooth muscle that maintains sphincter tone
(contraction) and striated muscle that permits voluntary control/contractility
parasympathetic nervous system part of the autonomic nervous system that acts to
promote colonic peristalsis and motility activity
sympathetic nervous system part of the autonomic nervous system that acts to reduce
intestinal motility and secretions
soluble fiber foods that contain soluble fiber have the ability to absorb and retain water
*use to help resolve diarrhea
insoluble fiber foods that contain insoluble fiber add bulk to the stool and do not absorb
water
,*use to help resolve constipation
irritable bowel syndrome cause is unknown but thought to be multifactorial including:
multifactorial: visceral hypersensitivity, enhanced GI permeability known as "leaky gut", altered
composition of the GI microbiota, low-grade inflammation, altered immune response,
autonomic nervous system dysfunction, altered bile acid metabolism, and psychological distress
IBS s/s Abdominal pain, bloating and distention, feelings of incomplete emptying,
changes in stool frequency and consistency, pain relieved by defecation, Abdominal pain
associated with eating and intraluminal stimulation such as gas, constipation and/or diarrhea
obstructed defecation syndrome disorders that are characterized by the inability to
eliminate normally, even when the stool is an ideal form/consistency. May be the result of
muscle/sphincter control issues or mechanical obstacles
pelvic floor dyssynergia *most common cause of obstructed defecation syndrome*
,results from the inability to coordinate pelvic floor and sphincter relaxation and abdominal
muscle contraction. Person inadvertently contracts sphincter when trying to relax it
diagnosis: sphincter remains contracted when person is instructed to bear down, Impaired
rectal sensation, Diagnosed with anorectal manometry
treatment: Pelvic muscle re-education using biofeedback
rectocele *type of obstructive defecation syndrome*
herniation/prolapse of the anterior rectal wall into the posterior vagina
diagnosis: may coexist with rectal bleeding and urinary incontinence, Patient may admit
supporting perineum through vagina (splinting) to facilitate defecation, May be identified pelvic
exam and defecography - radiographic visualization of rectoanal function, When visible, intact
bowel is visualized - looking at the outside wall of the bowel with stool contained inside
treatment: conservative treatment (pelvic floor exercises, diet/stool management), Pessary,
Surgery to repair
, rectal prolapse *type of obstructed defecation syndrome*
rectal mucosa protrudes through the anus
diagnosis: Can be assessed with patient in a lying and standing position. Prolapse will be visible
upon bearing down, Inside mucosa of the bowel visualized, Incontinence common
treatment: Surgical repair is indicated to avoid innervation complications
passive incontinence the leakage of mucus, liquid, or solid stool without awareness by
the individual that any stool has been passed
urge incontinence sudden urge to defecate without being able to hold in stool long
enough to reach the bathroom before defecation occurs
flatus incontinence the involuntary passing of gas or small amounts of stool and may be
the first sign of fecal incontinence development
