NUSCTX 10 FINAL (MIDTERM 1)
COMPLETE ANSWERS
Which of the following claims is falsifiable?
(a) Martians exists but they are very shy. If they see you, they hide behind rocks.
(b) Frank's power of healing only works on people who truly believe in his power.
(c) All swans are white.
(d) a and b
(e) all the above - ANSWER-(c) All swans are white.
Which organelle assists in the synthesis of proteins? - ANSWER-rough ER
Which of the following is (are) a complete protein?
(a) yogurt
(b) nuts
(c) beans
(d) a and b
(e) a, b and c - ANSWER-(a) yogurt
John is a 35-year-old accountant who likes to run 1-2 miles with his dog, a couple
times a week. He weighs 100 kg and is in good health. How much protein does he
need per day?
(a) 40 grams
(b) 60 grams
(c) 80 grams
(d) 100 grams
(e) >100 grams - ANSWER-(c) 80 grams
According to the AMDR, what percent of John's total calories/day should he be
getting from protein? - ANSWER-10-35%
For which nutrients are vegetarians at risk of deficiency?
(a) iron
(b) vitamin B-12
(c) calcium
(d) potassium
(e) a, b and c - ANSWER-(e) a, b and c
Chemical bonds that link amino acids together are called - ANSWER-peptide bonds
Which of the following is/are function(s) of proteins?
(a) help speed up metabolic reactions
(b) help protect the body from injury and infection
(c) help keep fluid balance
(d) both b and c
(e) all the above - ANSWER-(e) all the above
, Trypsinogen, which after conversion to trypsin breaks proteins into shorter peptides,
is made and secreted from the - ANSWER-pancreas
The amino acid pool of the blood allows for single (free) amino acid availability for
processes such as
(a) energy production
(b) synthesis of glucose or ketones
(c) synthesis of nonprotein molecules that contain nitrogen
(d) a and c
(e) all the above - ANSWER-(e) all the above
What is essential to all life processes? - ANSWER-water
The enzyme-catalyzed reactions allowing organisms to grow, reproduce, maintain
their structure, and respond to their environment is called - ANSWER-metabolism
The amino group (nitrogen) can form ammonia, which is then converted into urea in
the - ANSWER-liver
What are the functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
(a) To breakdown food to macromolecules the body can utilize
(b) To form a barrier using the lumen to protect against toxins and infection
(c) to produce hormones that control hunger and satiety
(d) a and b
(e) all the above - ANSWER-(e) all the above
Which of the following statement is FALSE regarding the phases of digestions?
(a) Cephalic phase is the first phase of digestion that can be triggered by the smell of
the sound of foods.
(b) Salt channels in the body act as receptors for sodium and create a salty
sensation
(c) The breakdown of food only occurs in the intestinal phase of digestion, and not in
the gastric phase of digestion
(d) The stomach produces strong acids to destroy most of the bacteria, but some
bacteria can still enter the intestinal tract
(e) Pancreatic and intestinal digestive enzymes are involved in the breakdown of the
macronutrients - ANSWER-(c) The breakdown of food only occurs in the intestinal
phase of digestion, and not in the gastric phase of digestion
Immediately following a meal, which part of blood circulation is the most nutrient-
rich? - ANSWER-hepatic portal circulation
Which of the following statements is true regarding water need?
(a) The DRI of water is the same for men and women.
(b) Loss of 3-5% body weight of water leads to reduction in urine output.
(c) Our body has a compensatory mechanism to maintain fluid balance when >20%
of body weight is lost.
(d) Water can only be lost through urination and sweat in humans.
(e) Water need remains the same across age for individuals - ANSWER-(b) Loss of
3-5% body weight of water leads to reduction in urine output.
COMPLETE ANSWERS
Which of the following claims is falsifiable?
(a) Martians exists but they are very shy. If they see you, they hide behind rocks.
(b) Frank's power of healing only works on people who truly believe in his power.
(c) All swans are white.
(d) a and b
(e) all the above - ANSWER-(c) All swans are white.
Which organelle assists in the synthesis of proteins? - ANSWER-rough ER
Which of the following is (are) a complete protein?
(a) yogurt
(b) nuts
(c) beans
(d) a and b
(e) a, b and c - ANSWER-(a) yogurt
John is a 35-year-old accountant who likes to run 1-2 miles with his dog, a couple
times a week. He weighs 100 kg and is in good health. How much protein does he
need per day?
(a) 40 grams
(b) 60 grams
(c) 80 grams
(d) 100 grams
(e) >100 grams - ANSWER-(c) 80 grams
According to the AMDR, what percent of John's total calories/day should he be
getting from protein? - ANSWER-10-35%
For which nutrients are vegetarians at risk of deficiency?
(a) iron
(b) vitamin B-12
(c) calcium
(d) potassium
(e) a, b and c - ANSWER-(e) a, b and c
Chemical bonds that link amino acids together are called - ANSWER-peptide bonds
Which of the following is/are function(s) of proteins?
(a) help speed up metabolic reactions
(b) help protect the body from injury and infection
(c) help keep fluid balance
(d) both b and c
(e) all the above - ANSWER-(e) all the above
, Trypsinogen, which after conversion to trypsin breaks proteins into shorter peptides,
is made and secreted from the - ANSWER-pancreas
The amino acid pool of the blood allows for single (free) amino acid availability for
processes such as
(a) energy production
(b) synthesis of glucose or ketones
(c) synthesis of nonprotein molecules that contain nitrogen
(d) a and c
(e) all the above - ANSWER-(e) all the above
What is essential to all life processes? - ANSWER-water
The enzyme-catalyzed reactions allowing organisms to grow, reproduce, maintain
their structure, and respond to their environment is called - ANSWER-metabolism
The amino group (nitrogen) can form ammonia, which is then converted into urea in
the - ANSWER-liver
What are the functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
(a) To breakdown food to macromolecules the body can utilize
(b) To form a barrier using the lumen to protect against toxins and infection
(c) to produce hormones that control hunger and satiety
(d) a and b
(e) all the above - ANSWER-(e) all the above
Which of the following statement is FALSE regarding the phases of digestions?
(a) Cephalic phase is the first phase of digestion that can be triggered by the smell of
the sound of foods.
(b) Salt channels in the body act as receptors for sodium and create a salty
sensation
(c) The breakdown of food only occurs in the intestinal phase of digestion, and not in
the gastric phase of digestion
(d) The stomach produces strong acids to destroy most of the bacteria, but some
bacteria can still enter the intestinal tract
(e) Pancreatic and intestinal digestive enzymes are involved in the breakdown of the
macronutrients - ANSWER-(c) The breakdown of food only occurs in the intestinal
phase of digestion, and not in the gastric phase of digestion
Immediately following a meal, which part of blood circulation is the most nutrient-
rich? - ANSWER-hepatic portal circulation
Which of the following statements is true regarding water need?
(a) The DRI of water is the same for men and women.
(b) Loss of 3-5% body weight of water leads to reduction in urine output.
(c) Our body has a compensatory mechanism to maintain fluid balance when >20%
of body weight is lost.
(d) Water can only be lost through urination and sweat in humans.
(e) Water need remains the same across age for individuals - ANSWER-(b) Loss of
3-5% body weight of water leads to reduction in urine output.
