NST 10 -- MT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
folate enrichment - ANSWER-FDA mandate 1998 --> flour + grain must have extra
100 ug per day
2 vitamin b12 deficiencies - ANSWER-pernicious anemia + demyelination of spinal
cord
megaloblastic anemia = folate deficiency
- causes defective DNA synthesis in blood + cells
- autoimmune disease destorys parietal cells of stomach --> cant absorb b12
- 5-15 yrs before symptoms appear
-treatment injections
- elderly: cant absorb b12 cuz loss stomach acid + heliobacter infection
function of b12 - ANSWER-- coenzyme for AA catabolism
- maintains myelin sheath of nerve fibers
- metabolism of amino acid homocysteine
folate + b12 - ANSWER-- both needed for metabolism of AA homocysteine
- low folate + b12 increase level of plasma homocysteine
- high plasma homocysteine levels --> <3 disease
b12 RDA - ANSWER-adult: 2.4 ug / day
elderly: crystalline b12
b12 sources - ANSWER-only in animal sources, algae, bacteria
normal/non vegan diets contains 6-12 ug
b3 - ANSWER-niacin = nicotinamid + nicotinic acid
coenzymes assisitng with metabolism of carbs, proteins, fats
made from AA tryptophan
b3 source - ANSWER-meat, fish, chicken, enriched bread
b3 toxicity - ANSWER-take excess supplements --> toxic
B3 defiency - ANSWER-niacin deficiency aka pellagra
4 Ds: diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, death
case study: switch wheat bread --> corn bread
common in some places globally
, tryptophan + niacin - ANSWER-60 mg trotophan --> 1 mg niacin
corn = bad source niacin
coffee = high niacin
b6 function - ANSWER-pyridoxine
coenzyme for 100 enzymes in AA metabolism
essential to remove nitrogen from AA (transamination)
required for muscle glycogen breakdown aka phosphorylase
cofactor for first enzyme in heme biosynthesis
b6 deficiency - ANSWER-pyridoxine
can cause dermatitis, anemia, convulsions
b6 sources - ANSWER-enriched cereal, meta, fish, chicken, starchy veg
b6 RDA - ANSWER-adult: 1.3 mg
UL: 100 mg
neuropathy/nerve damage in high doses
b1 function - ANSWER-coenzyme thiamin pyrophosphate required for metabolism of
carbs + AA chains production of DNA + RNA
thiamin triphosphate has function in brain
b1 sources - ANSWER-thiamin found in whole grains, enriched foods, pork
b1 RDA - ANSWER-recomended thiamin
adult female: 1.1 mg
adult male: 1.2 mg
B1 deficiency - ANSWER-beri beri
- first discovered milled white rice
- raw fish enzyme destroys thiamin
symptom:
- damage nervous system + <3
- muscle weakness + wasting, edema
common for alcoholics
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
folate enrichment - ANSWER-FDA mandate 1998 --> flour + grain must have extra
100 ug per day
2 vitamin b12 deficiencies - ANSWER-pernicious anemia + demyelination of spinal
cord
megaloblastic anemia = folate deficiency
- causes defective DNA synthesis in blood + cells
- autoimmune disease destorys parietal cells of stomach --> cant absorb b12
- 5-15 yrs before symptoms appear
-treatment injections
- elderly: cant absorb b12 cuz loss stomach acid + heliobacter infection
function of b12 - ANSWER-- coenzyme for AA catabolism
- maintains myelin sheath of nerve fibers
- metabolism of amino acid homocysteine
folate + b12 - ANSWER-- both needed for metabolism of AA homocysteine
- low folate + b12 increase level of plasma homocysteine
- high plasma homocysteine levels --> <3 disease
b12 RDA - ANSWER-adult: 2.4 ug / day
elderly: crystalline b12
b12 sources - ANSWER-only in animal sources, algae, bacteria
normal/non vegan diets contains 6-12 ug
b3 - ANSWER-niacin = nicotinamid + nicotinic acid
coenzymes assisitng with metabolism of carbs, proteins, fats
made from AA tryptophan
b3 source - ANSWER-meat, fish, chicken, enriched bread
b3 toxicity - ANSWER-take excess supplements --> toxic
B3 defiency - ANSWER-niacin deficiency aka pellagra
4 Ds: diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, death
case study: switch wheat bread --> corn bread
common in some places globally
, tryptophan + niacin - ANSWER-60 mg trotophan --> 1 mg niacin
corn = bad source niacin
coffee = high niacin
b6 function - ANSWER-pyridoxine
coenzyme for 100 enzymes in AA metabolism
essential to remove nitrogen from AA (transamination)
required for muscle glycogen breakdown aka phosphorylase
cofactor for first enzyme in heme biosynthesis
b6 deficiency - ANSWER-pyridoxine
can cause dermatitis, anemia, convulsions
b6 sources - ANSWER-enriched cereal, meta, fish, chicken, starchy veg
b6 RDA - ANSWER-adult: 1.3 mg
UL: 100 mg
neuropathy/nerve damage in high doses
b1 function - ANSWER-coenzyme thiamin pyrophosphate required for metabolism of
carbs + AA chains production of DNA + RNA
thiamin triphosphate has function in brain
b1 sources - ANSWER-thiamin found in whole grains, enriched foods, pork
b1 RDA - ANSWER-recomended thiamin
adult female: 1.1 mg
adult male: 1.2 mg
B1 deficiency - ANSWER-beri beri
- first discovered milled white rice
- raw fish enzyme destroys thiamin
symptom:
- damage nervous system + <3
- muscle weakness + wasting, edema
common for alcoholics
