ENVS 2126 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
________ is a damage or injury to a host organism that impairs its function. ANSW✅✅disease
Influenza virus targets ANSW✅✅respiratory epithelium
The process by which white blood cells ingest and kill bacteria is called ANSW✅✅phagocytosis
With regards to mode of disease transmission, respiratory pathogens are generally ________, and
intestinal pathogens are generally spread by contaminated ________. ANSW✅✅airborne / food
or water
What is the drawback of live attenuated vaccines? ANSW✅✅They can cause disease in some
immunocompromised individuals
Disease ________ is measured by the total number of new reported disease cases within a
population over a period of time. ANSW✅✅incidence
Which of the following prevents supercoiling of bacterial DNA? ANSW✅✅quinolones
Which of the following is/are considered (a) direct contact infection(s)? ANSW✅✅syphilis,
gonorrhea, and skin infections
Which group of organisms is difficult to control through immunization because of their rapid and
unpredictable genetic mutations? ANSW✅✅RNA viruses
Which of the following is NOT a public health measure used to control the transmission of disease?
ANSW✅✅genetic engineering
An inanimate object that transmits infectious agents between hosts is most appropriately called a
ANSW✅✅fomite
, Which stage of an acute infectious disease occurs between the time the organism begins to grow in
the host and the appearance of disease symptoms? ANSW✅✅incubation period
Which of the following are NOT vectors important in disease transmission? ANSW✅✅fomites
The collective term for the organisms living on or in the human body, as opposed to a general term
for organisms in an environmental habitat, is ANSW✅✅the human microbiome
Which of the following is more likely to cause urinary tract infections? ANSW✅✅fimbriated
strains of Escherichia coli
Which of the following is NOT important for the adherence of bacteria to host tissues?
ANSW✅✅lipopolysaccharides
Which of the following is TRUE about flagella? ANSW✅✅they may be involved in adherence to a
lesser extent than pili and fimbriae
An outer coat consisting of a dense, well-defined polymer layer surrounding a cell and used in
attachment is called a ANSW✅✅capsule
The best term to describe the general process by which microorganisms cause diseases is known as
ANSW✅✅pathogenesis
Which of the following pathogens does NOT use capsules or a slime layer for attachment?
ANSW✅✅Vibrio cholera
Why are secondary or booster reimmunizations given? ANSW✅✅secondary reimmunizations
produce a secondary immune response and boost antibody titers
People who have a subclinical case of a disease are frequently ________ of a particular disease.
ANSW✅✅carriers
Which of the following diseases is NOT normally spread by a common source? ANSW✅✅measles
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
________ is a damage or injury to a host organism that impairs its function. ANSW✅✅disease
Influenza virus targets ANSW✅✅respiratory epithelium
The process by which white blood cells ingest and kill bacteria is called ANSW✅✅phagocytosis
With regards to mode of disease transmission, respiratory pathogens are generally ________, and
intestinal pathogens are generally spread by contaminated ________. ANSW✅✅airborne / food
or water
What is the drawback of live attenuated vaccines? ANSW✅✅They can cause disease in some
immunocompromised individuals
Disease ________ is measured by the total number of new reported disease cases within a
population over a period of time. ANSW✅✅incidence
Which of the following prevents supercoiling of bacterial DNA? ANSW✅✅quinolones
Which of the following is/are considered (a) direct contact infection(s)? ANSW✅✅syphilis,
gonorrhea, and skin infections
Which group of organisms is difficult to control through immunization because of their rapid and
unpredictable genetic mutations? ANSW✅✅RNA viruses
Which of the following is NOT a public health measure used to control the transmission of disease?
ANSW✅✅genetic engineering
An inanimate object that transmits infectious agents between hosts is most appropriately called a
ANSW✅✅fomite
, Which stage of an acute infectious disease occurs between the time the organism begins to grow in
the host and the appearance of disease symptoms? ANSW✅✅incubation period
Which of the following are NOT vectors important in disease transmission? ANSW✅✅fomites
The collective term for the organisms living on or in the human body, as opposed to a general term
for organisms in an environmental habitat, is ANSW✅✅the human microbiome
Which of the following is more likely to cause urinary tract infections? ANSW✅✅fimbriated
strains of Escherichia coli
Which of the following is NOT important for the adherence of bacteria to host tissues?
ANSW✅✅lipopolysaccharides
Which of the following is TRUE about flagella? ANSW✅✅they may be involved in adherence to a
lesser extent than pili and fimbriae
An outer coat consisting of a dense, well-defined polymer layer surrounding a cell and used in
attachment is called a ANSW✅✅capsule
The best term to describe the general process by which microorganisms cause diseases is known as
ANSW✅✅pathogenesis
Which of the following pathogens does NOT use capsules or a slime layer for attachment?
ANSW✅✅Vibrio cholera
Why are secondary or booster reimmunizations given? ANSW✅✅secondary reimmunizations
produce a secondary immune response and boost antibody titers
People who have a subclinical case of a disease are frequently ________ of a particular disease.
ANSW✅✅carriers
Which of the following diseases is NOT normally spread by a common source? ANSW✅✅measles
