A&P 2 Final MGCCC Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
List functions of the kidneys (pp. 995-996) - ✔✔Excretion of wastes, regulation of blood
ionic composition, regulation of blood pH, Regulation of blood volume, regulation of
blood pressure, maintenance of blood osmolarity, production of hormones, regulation
of hormones, regulation of blood glucose levels
List waste products normally excreted by the kidneys (pg. 1011) - ✔✔Water, proteins,
Sodium ions, Chloride ions, Bicarbonate ions, glucose, urea, potassium ions, uric acid,
creatinine
Which layer of smooth dense irregular connective tissue covers the kidney and outer
layer of the ureter? (pg. 995) - ✔✔renal fascia
Which portion of the kidney extends between the renal pyramids? (pg. 998) - ✔✔renal
columns
List the order of blood flow through the kidneys (pg. 998) - ✔✔Renal artery, Segmental
arteries, Interlobar arteries, Arcuate arteries, Cortical radiate arteries, Afferent Arteries,
Glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, peritubular venules,
cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein
List the order of filtrate flow through a cortical nephron (pg. 1001) - ✔✔Glomerular
capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb
of the nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
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, Which nephron structure reabsorbs the most substances? (pg. 1010) - ✔✔proximal
convoluted tubule
Which nephron structure filters blood plasma? (pg. 999) - ✔✔glomerulus
What is reabsorption? (pg. 1005) - ✔✔the process by which the nephron removes water
and solutes from the tubular fluid and returns them to the circulating blood
What is tubular secretion? (pg. 1005) - ✔✔the transfer of materials from peritubular
capillaries to the renal tubular lumen; it is the opposite process of reabsorption
What is the basement membrane? (pg. 1007) - ✔✔thin, dense sheets of specialized, self-
assembled extracellular matrix that surround most animal tissues
What is myogenic mechanism? (pg. 1008) - ✔✔how arteries and arterioles react to an
increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant within the blood
vessel
What is a transcellular reabsorption route? (pg. 1011) - ✔✔passes from fluid in tubular
lumen THROUGH apical membrane of a tubule cell, across the cytosol, and out into
interstitial fluid through basolateral membrane.
What percentage of filtered water do the proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb? (pg.
1012) - ✔✔65%
How does angiotensin II affect the kidneys? (pg. 1016) - ✔✔acts to increase Na-H
exchange, increasing sodium reabsorption. Increased levels of Na in the body acts to
increase the osmolarity of the blood, leading to a shift of fluid into the blood volume
and extracellular space
Where does urea recycling occur? (pg. 1020) - ✔✔loop of henle.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY BRITTIE DONALD, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
and Answers 100% Pass
List functions of the kidneys (pp. 995-996) - ✔✔Excretion of wastes, regulation of blood
ionic composition, regulation of blood pH, Regulation of blood volume, regulation of
blood pressure, maintenance of blood osmolarity, production of hormones, regulation
of hormones, regulation of blood glucose levels
List waste products normally excreted by the kidneys (pg. 1011) - ✔✔Water, proteins,
Sodium ions, Chloride ions, Bicarbonate ions, glucose, urea, potassium ions, uric acid,
creatinine
Which layer of smooth dense irregular connective tissue covers the kidney and outer
layer of the ureter? (pg. 995) - ✔✔renal fascia
Which portion of the kidney extends between the renal pyramids? (pg. 998) - ✔✔renal
columns
List the order of blood flow through the kidneys (pg. 998) - ✔✔Renal artery, Segmental
arteries, Interlobar arteries, Arcuate arteries, Cortical radiate arteries, Afferent Arteries,
Glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, peritubular venules,
cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein
List the order of filtrate flow through a cortical nephron (pg. 1001) - ✔✔Glomerular
capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb
of the nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY BRITTIE DONALD, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Which nephron structure reabsorbs the most substances? (pg. 1010) - ✔✔proximal
convoluted tubule
Which nephron structure filters blood plasma? (pg. 999) - ✔✔glomerulus
What is reabsorption? (pg. 1005) - ✔✔the process by which the nephron removes water
and solutes from the tubular fluid and returns them to the circulating blood
What is tubular secretion? (pg. 1005) - ✔✔the transfer of materials from peritubular
capillaries to the renal tubular lumen; it is the opposite process of reabsorption
What is the basement membrane? (pg. 1007) - ✔✔thin, dense sheets of specialized, self-
assembled extracellular matrix that surround most animal tissues
What is myogenic mechanism? (pg. 1008) - ✔✔how arteries and arterioles react to an
increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant within the blood
vessel
What is a transcellular reabsorption route? (pg. 1011) - ✔✔passes from fluid in tubular
lumen THROUGH apical membrane of a tubule cell, across the cytosol, and out into
interstitial fluid through basolateral membrane.
What percentage of filtered water do the proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb? (pg.
1012) - ✔✔65%
How does angiotensin II affect the kidneys? (pg. 1016) - ✔✔acts to increase Na-H
exchange, increasing sodium reabsorption. Increased levels of Na in the body acts to
increase the osmolarity of the blood, leading to a shift of fluid into the blood volume
and extracellular space
Where does urea recycling occur? (pg. 1020) - ✔✔loop of henle.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY BRITTIE DONALD, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
