NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials of
Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest 2025 /
2026) Rasmussen
What is the cause of increased glomerular filtration rate? - ANSWER increase in the
glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
What is the most common cause of pyelonephritis? - ANSWER E. coli; ascending
UTI
What are the risk factors for developing chronic renal failure? - ANSWER too much
Nsaids, chronic kidney disease; diabetes type 1; hypertension
What are the functions of the kidneys? - ANSWER Regulation of blood pressure;
regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - ANSWER
dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream
What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? - ANSWER
ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - ANSWER peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - ANSWER Exophthalmos
(bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
, What processes occur during fasting? - ANSWER glucogenesis; glycogenesis
What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? - ANSWER
adipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - ANSWER myxedema,
fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER Goiter, fatigue,
weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - ANSWER fatigue,
body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - ANSWER
numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - ANSWER fruity breath,
drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - ANSWER negative
feedback loop
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - ANSWER Growth
Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and
endorphins
Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest 2025 /
2026) Rasmussen
What is the cause of increased glomerular filtration rate? - ANSWER increase in the
glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
What is the most common cause of pyelonephritis? - ANSWER E. coli; ascending
UTI
What are the risk factors for developing chronic renal failure? - ANSWER too much
Nsaids, chronic kidney disease; diabetes type 1; hypertension
What are the functions of the kidneys? - ANSWER Regulation of blood pressure;
regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - ANSWER
dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream
What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? - ANSWER
ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - ANSWER peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - ANSWER Exophthalmos
(bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
, What processes occur during fasting? - ANSWER glucogenesis; glycogenesis
What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? - ANSWER
adipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - ANSWER myxedema,
fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - ANSWER Goiter, fatigue,
weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - ANSWER fatigue,
body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - ANSWER
numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - ANSWER fruity breath,
drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - ANSWER negative
feedback loop
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - ANSWER Growth
Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and
endorphins
