AQA GCSE Combined Science Physics -
Paper 2
3 things that could happen when a wave meets a boundary between two materials : - ANS--
The wave is *transmitted* through the material - carries on travelling
- The wave is *absorbed* by the material
- The wave is *reflected* - 'sent back' - this is how echoes are produced
\3 ways to increase the magnetic field produced by a solenoid - ANS-- Increase the current
- Increase the number of coils in the wire
- Place a piece of Iron inside the solenoid (iron core)
\A force is - ANS-a push or pull on an object that is caused by it interacting with something
\A solenoid with an iron core is called an ? - ANS-electromagnet
\Acceleration - ANS-change in velocity in a certain amount of time
\amplitude - ANS-The amplitude of a wave is the greatest distance a point on the wave
moves from its undisturbed position
\At one time in the investigation, the cyclist was distracted.
The distraction increased the stopping distance of the bike but did not affect the braking
distance
Explain why the stopping distance increased - ANS-The cyclist's reaction time increased (1)
The thinking distance increased (1)
Stopping distance is thinking distance plus braking distance (1)
\Compression - ANS-regions where the air particles are very close together
\Dangers of EM waves - ANS-Low frequency e.g radio waves = not harmful - pass through
soft tissue without being absorbed
High frequency e.g gamma rays transfer lots of energy = lots of damage
X- rays + Gamma rays = ionising radiation = gene mutation/cell destruction, and cancer
- Radiation Dose = measured in *Sieverts* = measure risk of harm from body being exposed
to radiation
\DC Commnicators - ANS-Forces act on the two side arms of a coil of wire that's carrying a
current - the usual forces which act on any current in a magnetic field
Since one coil is on a spindle, it rotates as the forces act one up & one down
The split-ring commutator swaps the contacts every half turn to keep the motor rotating in
the same direction
The direction of the motor can be reversed by swapping the polarity of the dc supply
(reversing the current) or swapping the magnetic poles over (reversing the field)
\Describe how Newtons third law applies to the forces between the bike and the trailer -
ANS-The forces of the bike on the trailer and the trailer on the bike are equal in size and
opposite in direction
\Describe how radio waves can be produced - ANS-Produced by alternating
currents/oscillations of charged particles in electrical circuits
\Distance-Time Graphs - Features - ANS-1) Gradient = speed
2) Flat sections = object is stationary
3) Straight uphill sections = object is travelling at a steady speed
4) Curves = object is accelerating or decelerating
, 5) Steepening curve = object is speeding up
6) Levelling off curve = object is slowing down
\Electromagnets are extremely useful as ? - ANS-you can change the strength of the
magnetic field by changing the size of current and you can turn the electromagnet on or off
\EM continuous spectrum - ANS-1) Radio waves
2) Microwaves
3) Infrared waves
4) Visible light rays
5) Ultraviolet waves
6) X-rays
7) Gamma rays
\Equation for 'Work Done' - ANS-Work done (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
W=Fs
\Equation for Acceleration - ANS-Acceleration (m/s²) = Change in Velocity (m/s) / Time (s)
a=Δv/t
\Equation for Elastic potential energy - ANS-Elastic potential energy (J) = 1/2 x Spring
Constant (N/m) x extension^2 (m)
Ee = 1/2Ke^2
\Equation for Force 1 - ANS-Force (N) = Spring Constant (N/m) x Extension (m)
F=ke
\Equation for Momentum - ANS-Momentum (kg m/s) = mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)
p=mv
\equation for period - ANS-period = 1/frequency (H/z)
\Equation for resultant force - ANS-Resultant Force (N) = mass (Kg) x acceleration (M/s^2)
F=ma
\Equation for Speed - ANS-Distance Travelled (m) = Speed (m/s) x Time (s)
s=vt
\Equation for Stopping Distance - ANS-Stopping Distance = Thinking Distance + Braking
Distance
\Equation for Uniform Acceleration - ANS-Final velocity² (m/s) - Initial velocity² (m/s) = 2 x
Acceleration (m/s²) x Distance (m)
v²-u²=2as
\Equation for Weight - ANS-Weight (N) = Mass (kg) x Gravitational Field Strength (N/kg)
W=mg
\examples of contact forces - ANS-friction, air resistance, tension in ropes. etc
\examples of longitudinal waves - ANS-sound waves e.g ultrasound
\examples of non contact forces - ANS-magnetic force and gravitational force
\Examples of scalar quantities - ANS-speed, distance, time
\examples of transverse waves - ANS-- electromagnetic waves e.g light
- Ripples and waves in water
\Examples of vector quantities - ANS-force, velocity, momentum, acceleration
\Explain the differences between the properties of the sound waves produced by the motor
and the water waves in the ripple tank - ANS-Sound waves are longitudinal, in longitudinal
waves the oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer
Water waves are transverse. In transverse waves, the oscillations are perpendicular to the
direction of energy transfer
Paper 2
3 things that could happen when a wave meets a boundary between two materials : - ANS--
The wave is *transmitted* through the material - carries on travelling
- The wave is *absorbed* by the material
- The wave is *reflected* - 'sent back' - this is how echoes are produced
\3 ways to increase the magnetic field produced by a solenoid - ANS-- Increase the current
- Increase the number of coils in the wire
- Place a piece of Iron inside the solenoid (iron core)
\A force is - ANS-a push or pull on an object that is caused by it interacting with something
\A solenoid with an iron core is called an ? - ANS-electromagnet
\Acceleration - ANS-change in velocity in a certain amount of time
\amplitude - ANS-The amplitude of a wave is the greatest distance a point on the wave
moves from its undisturbed position
\At one time in the investigation, the cyclist was distracted.
The distraction increased the stopping distance of the bike but did not affect the braking
distance
Explain why the stopping distance increased - ANS-The cyclist's reaction time increased (1)
The thinking distance increased (1)
Stopping distance is thinking distance plus braking distance (1)
\Compression - ANS-regions where the air particles are very close together
\Dangers of EM waves - ANS-Low frequency e.g radio waves = not harmful - pass through
soft tissue without being absorbed
High frequency e.g gamma rays transfer lots of energy = lots of damage
X- rays + Gamma rays = ionising radiation = gene mutation/cell destruction, and cancer
- Radiation Dose = measured in *Sieverts* = measure risk of harm from body being exposed
to radiation
\DC Commnicators - ANS-Forces act on the two side arms of a coil of wire that's carrying a
current - the usual forces which act on any current in a magnetic field
Since one coil is on a spindle, it rotates as the forces act one up & one down
The split-ring commutator swaps the contacts every half turn to keep the motor rotating in
the same direction
The direction of the motor can be reversed by swapping the polarity of the dc supply
(reversing the current) or swapping the magnetic poles over (reversing the field)
\Describe how Newtons third law applies to the forces between the bike and the trailer -
ANS-The forces of the bike on the trailer and the trailer on the bike are equal in size and
opposite in direction
\Describe how radio waves can be produced - ANS-Produced by alternating
currents/oscillations of charged particles in electrical circuits
\Distance-Time Graphs - Features - ANS-1) Gradient = speed
2) Flat sections = object is stationary
3) Straight uphill sections = object is travelling at a steady speed
4) Curves = object is accelerating or decelerating
, 5) Steepening curve = object is speeding up
6) Levelling off curve = object is slowing down
\Electromagnets are extremely useful as ? - ANS-you can change the strength of the
magnetic field by changing the size of current and you can turn the electromagnet on or off
\EM continuous spectrum - ANS-1) Radio waves
2) Microwaves
3) Infrared waves
4) Visible light rays
5) Ultraviolet waves
6) X-rays
7) Gamma rays
\Equation for 'Work Done' - ANS-Work done (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
W=Fs
\Equation for Acceleration - ANS-Acceleration (m/s²) = Change in Velocity (m/s) / Time (s)
a=Δv/t
\Equation for Elastic potential energy - ANS-Elastic potential energy (J) = 1/2 x Spring
Constant (N/m) x extension^2 (m)
Ee = 1/2Ke^2
\Equation for Force 1 - ANS-Force (N) = Spring Constant (N/m) x Extension (m)
F=ke
\Equation for Momentum - ANS-Momentum (kg m/s) = mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)
p=mv
\equation for period - ANS-period = 1/frequency (H/z)
\Equation for resultant force - ANS-Resultant Force (N) = mass (Kg) x acceleration (M/s^2)
F=ma
\Equation for Speed - ANS-Distance Travelled (m) = Speed (m/s) x Time (s)
s=vt
\Equation for Stopping Distance - ANS-Stopping Distance = Thinking Distance + Braking
Distance
\Equation for Uniform Acceleration - ANS-Final velocity² (m/s) - Initial velocity² (m/s) = 2 x
Acceleration (m/s²) x Distance (m)
v²-u²=2as
\Equation for Weight - ANS-Weight (N) = Mass (kg) x Gravitational Field Strength (N/kg)
W=mg
\examples of contact forces - ANS-friction, air resistance, tension in ropes. etc
\examples of longitudinal waves - ANS-sound waves e.g ultrasound
\examples of non contact forces - ANS-magnetic force and gravitational force
\Examples of scalar quantities - ANS-speed, distance, time
\examples of transverse waves - ANS-- electromagnetic waves e.g light
- Ripples and waves in water
\Examples of vector quantities - ANS-force, velocity, momentum, acceleration
\Explain the differences between the properties of the sound waves produced by the motor
and the water waves in the ripple tank - ANS-Sound waves are longitudinal, in longitudinal
waves the oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer
Water waves are transverse. In transverse waves, the oscillations are perpendicular to the
direction of energy transfer
