ANSWERS | 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE
Negligence carelessness reguarding a duty or care or appropriate standard of conduct which
reasonable person would exercise under the same circumstances
Principal person that commits a crime; or a person that is present during the crimes
commission and commits an overt act assisting in the perpetrators criminal intent
1st degree person that commits the act
2nd degree person that is present and aided the perpetrator
accessory person absent at the time the crime is committed, procures, counsels, advises,
instigates, or commands another to commit a crime.
accessory before the fact counseled or otherwise encouraged the commission of a crime
18.2-18 accessory before the fact
18.2-19 accessory after the fact
,accessory after the fact assisted perpetrator after the crime without prior knowledge crime
was going to occur.
attempt a substantial step taken in a course of conduct planned to culminate in the
commission of a crime.
Requires: intent
a direct ineffectual towards its commission and that act must reach far enough towards the
desired result to amount to the commencement of the consummation.
18.2-22 conspiracy
conspiracy if any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another, to commit a
felony within or without this commonwealth shall be guilty of a felony.
mens rea criminal intent
actus reus criminal act or omission
Emergency Protective Order 72 hours
, Preliminary Protective Order 15 days
permanent protective order usually 1 year
emergency commitment order 8 hours
temporary detention order 24 hours
18.2-415 Disorderly conduct
disorderly conduct words and actions
18.2-416 breach of peace
breach of peace words alone
search occurs when an individual's reasonable expectation of privacy is invaded as a result
of state action
seizure when a person feels that they are not free to leave or disengage from an encounter
as a result of an officer's show of authority