ENPC class Questions and Complete
Solutions Graded A+
What should you do when assessing a neonate? - Answer: The assessment should progress from toe to
head direction. Make sure they are warm and do not have hypoglycemia.
How do infants breathe? - Answer: Infants are obligate nose breathers for the first 4 to 6 months.
Toddlers what ages? - Answer: Ages one to three years old
Preschoolers - Answer: Ages three to five years old
School aged children - Answer: Ages five to 11 years old
Adolescents - Answer: Ages 11-18 years old
There are four components of the prioritization of pediatric emergency care? - Answer: These are the
PAT, focused assessment (objective info), the focused pediatric history (subjective info) and the
assignment of an acuity rating decision.
First impression of pediatric patient is using? - Answer: PAT-pediatric assessment triangle. It provides a
psysiological assessment from an across the room perspective.
How many components of the PAT and what are they? - Answer: 3 which are general appearance, work
of breathing, and circulation to skin.
Appearance - Answer: The child's general appearance is the most important thing to consider when
determining how severe the illness or injury is and the need for treatment. It reflects the adequancy of
ventilation, oxygenation, brain perfusion, and central nervous system function. From across the room,
the child should be assessed for tone, interactiveness, consolability, look/gaze and speech/cry.
, work of breathing - Answer: A child's work of breathing is a more accurate indicator of oxygenation and
ventilation than respiratory rate or the auscultation of chest sounds. Look and listen for abnormal
breath sounds, abnormal positioning, retractions and nasal flaring.
Sick - Answer: Even if the child appears well, it is purdent to consider the child sick simply based on the
fact that the caregiver was concerned enough to bring the child to the ED.
Sicker - Answer: If there is acute disruption in any one component of the PAT, the child may be
considered to be sicker and may require a higher acuity rating decision and the initiation of a focused
treatment intervention.
Sickest - Answer: If there is an acute disruption in two or more of th ecomponents of the PAT, this child
should be considered sickest, with a high acuity rating decision and rapid resuscitation treatment
interventions.
Focused assessment - Answer: This means to use critical thinking. Understanding the disease process
and the pediatric normal is important.
Red Flags of Pediatric Triangle - Answer: Apnea, choking, drooling, audible airway sounds and positions.
Breathing: Grunting, sternal retractions, increased work of breathing, irregular respiratory patterns,
respiratory rate of greater than 60 or less than 20 breaths per minute for children younger than 6 years,
absence of breath sounds and cyanosis.
Circulation: Cool or clammy skin, tachycardia, bradycardia, heart rate of greater than 200 beats per
minute, heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute, hypotension, diminished or absent peripheral
pulses, decreased tearing and sunken eyes.
Disabiliity: Altered LOC, inconsolability, and suken or bulging fontanel.
Exposure: Petechia, purpura, and signs and symptoms of abuse
Full set of vitals: Hypothermia, fever in an infant younger than 3 months, temperature of greather than
40 C to 40.6 C at any age
Give comfort: Severe pain
Hisotry: Hisotry of chronic illness or family crissi and return to visit to the ED within 24 hours.
Solutions Graded A+
What should you do when assessing a neonate? - Answer: The assessment should progress from toe to
head direction. Make sure they are warm and do not have hypoglycemia.
How do infants breathe? - Answer: Infants are obligate nose breathers for the first 4 to 6 months.
Toddlers what ages? - Answer: Ages one to three years old
Preschoolers - Answer: Ages three to five years old
School aged children - Answer: Ages five to 11 years old
Adolescents - Answer: Ages 11-18 years old
There are four components of the prioritization of pediatric emergency care? - Answer: These are the
PAT, focused assessment (objective info), the focused pediatric history (subjective info) and the
assignment of an acuity rating decision.
First impression of pediatric patient is using? - Answer: PAT-pediatric assessment triangle. It provides a
psysiological assessment from an across the room perspective.
How many components of the PAT and what are they? - Answer: 3 which are general appearance, work
of breathing, and circulation to skin.
Appearance - Answer: The child's general appearance is the most important thing to consider when
determining how severe the illness or injury is and the need for treatment. It reflects the adequancy of
ventilation, oxygenation, brain perfusion, and central nervous system function. From across the room,
the child should be assessed for tone, interactiveness, consolability, look/gaze and speech/cry.
, work of breathing - Answer: A child's work of breathing is a more accurate indicator of oxygenation and
ventilation than respiratory rate or the auscultation of chest sounds. Look and listen for abnormal
breath sounds, abnormal positioning, retractions and nasal flaring.
Sick - Answer: Even if the child appears well, it is purdent to consider the child sick simply based on the
fact that the caregiver was concerned enough to bring the child to the ED.
Sicker - Answer: If there is acute disruption in any one component of the PAT, the child may be
considered to be sicker and may require a higher acuity rating decision and the initiation of a focused
treatment intervention.
Sickest - Answer: If there is an acute disruption in two or more of th ecomponents of the PAT, this child
should be considered sickest, with a high acuity rating decision and rapid resuscitation treatment
interventions.
Focused assessment - Answer: This means to use critical thinking. Understanding the disease process
and the pediatric normal is important.
Red Flags of Pediatric Triangle - Answer: Apnea, choking, drooling, audible airway sounds and positions.
Breathing: Grunting, sternal retractions, increased work of breathing, irregular respiratory patterns,
respiratory rate of greater than 60 or less than 20 breaths per minute for children younger than 6 years,
absence of breath sounds and cyanosis.
Circulation: Cool or clammy skin, tachycardia, bradycardia, heart rate of greater than 200 beats per
minute, heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute, hypotension, diminished or absent peripheral
pulses, decreased tearing and sunken eyes.
Disabiliity: Altered LOC, inconsolability, and suken or bulging fontanel.
Exposure: Petechia, purpura, and signs and symptoms of abuse
Full set of vitals: Hypothermia, fever in an infant younger than 3 months, temperature of greather than
40 C to 40.6 C at any age
Give comfort: Severe pain
Hisotry: Hisotry of chronic illness or family crissi and return to visit to the ED within 24 hours.
