MBIO 3401 Exam 1 Zhang Questions with
Complete Solutions
what is the best method to examining the presensce of a chemical structure with a diameter of
3nm? x-ray crystallography
what is the structure of prokaryotes that performs the same function as mitochodria in eukaryotes
cell membrane
lipids have ester linkages, while those of archaea have ether linkages
component of peptidoglycan n-acetylmuramic acid, n-acetylglucosamine, amino acids,
peptide cross-links
prokaryotic outer membrane found in gram negative bacteria, contains porins, contains
toxic component, contains lipopolysaccharide layer
prokaryotic chromosome has a single origin of replication and then DNA is replicated
bidirectionally
,what does a stalked cell in caulobacter crescentus divide to reproduce a stalked cell and a
flagellated cell
what is an extension of the cytoplasm that attaches bacteria to a surface called stalk
prokaryotic flagella driven by proton motice force, found in both gram - and gram +,
embedded in the cell envelope, used for chemotaxis
limitations for koch's postulates not all microbes can be grown in pure culture, sometimes
the causing agent can be found in both healthy and sick individuals, not all those infected
develop disease, not all pathogens have animal modes of infection
causality of koch's postulates mycobacterium tuberculosis> tuberculosis, bacillus
antracis>anthrax
association of koch's postulates men wear larger shoes and are stronger than women. do
large shoes make you stronger?
,how does pasteur disprove spontaneous generation? the curve of the neck prevented
microbes from entering the broth. if the flask was broken, the broth would be contaminated.
boiled broth to get rid of exsiting microbes
why can microbes still grow after boiling? boiling will not kill endospores, steam
sterilization and autoclaving will completely sterilize the broth
what happens if crystal violet is not added? the iodine will not react with anything and
will be able to leave lipid bilayer after adding decolorizer. once the counter stain is added, both
gram postive and negative will be red
what happens if iodine is not added during gram stain? crystal violet will not react with
anything and the decolorizer will be able to remove the CV. both gram postive and negative will
be red after safrinin
what happens if decolorizer is not added during gram stain the negative bacteria will
retain the color of the CV, and both types of bacteria will be purple
what happens if the counter stain is not added when gram staining the gram negative will
be colorless after being decoloized. gram negative will retain purple color
, what type of energy do photolithoautotrophs require sunlight through photosynthesis
what type of energy do chemolithotrophs require inorganic molecule
how do you culture and isolate photolithoautotrophs incubate the culture under sun light at
room temp in a medium that does not contain organic carbon source
how do you culture and isolate a chemolithotrophs keep the culture in darkness and
provide inorganic carbon donors such as ammonium, sulfide, in the medium. do not provide
organic carbon souce
explain the results of direct count look at the number of microbes that are both viable and
non viable (all cells counted)
explain the results of viable count the number of colonies that grow on plates represent
only the viable and replicative cells
direct/viable ratio in the lag phase direct count>viable
Complete Solutions
what is the best method to examining the presensce of a chemical structure with a diameter of
3nm? x-ray crystallography
what is the structure of prokaryotes that performs the same function as mitochodria in eukaryotes
cell membrane
lipids have ester linkages, while those of archaea have ether linkages
component of peptidoglycan n-acetylmuramic acid, n-acetylglucosamine, amino acids,
peptide cross-links
prokaryotic outer membrane found in gram negative bacteria, contains porins, contains
toxic component, contains lipopolysaccharide layer
prokaryotic chromosome has a single origin of replication and then DNA is replicated
bidirectionally
,what does a stalked cell in caulobacter crescentus divide to reproduce a stalked cell and a
flagellated cell
what is an extension of the cytoplasm that attaches bacteria to a surface called stalk
prokaryotic flagella driven by proton motice force, found in both gram - and gram +,
embedded in the cell envelope, used for chemotaxis
limitations for koch's postulates not all microbes can be grown in pure culture, sometimes
the causing agent can be found in both healthy and sick individuals, not all those infected
develop disease, not all pathogens have animal modes of infection
causality of koch's postulates mycobacterium tuberculosis> tuberculosis, bacillus
antracis>anthrax
association of koch's postulates men wear larger shoes and are stronger than women. do
large shoes make you stronger?
,how does pasteur disprove spontaneous generation? the curve of the neck prevented
microbes from entering the broth. if the flask was broken, the broth would be contaminated.
boiled broth to get rid of exsiting microbes
why can microbes still grow after boiling? boiling will not kill endospores, steam
sterilization and autoclaving will completely sterilize the broth
what happens if crystal violet is not added? the iodine will not react with anything and
will be able to leave lipid bilayer after adding decolorizer. once the counter stain is added, both
gram postive and negative will be red
what happens if iodine is not added during gram stain? crystal violet will not react with
anything and the decolorizer will be able to remove the CV. both gram postive and negative will
be red after safrinin
what happens if decolorizer is not added during gram stain the negative bacteria will
retain the color of the CV, and both types of bacteria will be purple
what happens if the counter stain is not added when gram staining the gram negative will
be colorless after being decoloized. gram negative will retain purple color
, what type of energy do photolithoautotrophs require sunlight through photosynthesis
what type of energy do chemolithotrophs require inorganic molecule
how do you culture and isolate photolithoautotrophs incubate the culture under sun light at
room temp in a medium that does not contain organic carbon source
how do you culture and isolate a chemolithotrophs keep the culture in darkness and
provide inorganic carbon donors such as ammonium, sulfide, in the medium. do not provide
organic carbon souce
explain the results of direct count look at the number of microbes that are both viable and
non viable (all cells counted)
explain the results of viable count the number of colonies that grow on plates represent
only the viable and replicative cells
direct/viable ratio in the lag phase direct count>viable
