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compensatory damages remedy for a breach in contract is a suit for dollar damages
specific performance an order by the court commanding the other party actually to
perform a bargain as agreed
intentional torts all require the plaintiff (initiator) to prove the defendant intended to cross
the boundaries protecting the plaintiff.
-assault, battery, conversion (depriving someone of goods owned), trespassing
negligence this tort requires the plaintiff to show that the defendant injured what was
proper to the plaintiff through unreasonable behavior
strict liability tort that usually requires the plaintiff to prove only that the defendant has
injured something proper to the plaintiff.. injury caused by ultrahazardous activity like blasting
,punitive damages exemplary damages- civil punishment for intentional or extremely
negligent wrongdoing. purpose is to deter others from such conduct in the future- FOR TORTS
corporations businesses chartered by the state to do business as legal persons
corporate governance defines the legal relationship between corporate agents like
managers or board of directors and the shareholder owners of the corporation
trial judge determine applicable rules of law to be used to decide the case
-main link between law and citizens
justice appellate judge- must consider the lasting impacts of their decision
petit jury trial jury that returns a verdict
historic number of jury members 12 (no fewer than 6 no more than 12)
-decision must be unanimous in most states
, subject matter jurisdiction court must have power over the issues involved in the case
-limited v general jurisdiction (traffic court v supreme)
trial courts superior court
circuit court
district court
appellate court review of a case by a higher court
supreme court highest level of appeals court
writ of certiorari petition for a second appeal in Supreme Court
-everyone has the right to 1 trial and 1 appeal
federal question cases based on issues arising from the constitution or federal statutes
diversity of citizenship all plaintiffs be citizens of different states from all defendants.... if
they were from same state there would be no federal jurisdiction