LCA Final Exam Questions and Answers
100% Solved
1. In 1921, ____________ assumed full command of the military operations carried out by the
local Turkish resistance groups. Correct Ans-Mustafa Kemal
2. The doctrine known as _________ was built on the foundation of six principles—reformism,
republicanism, secularism, nationalism, populism, and etatism. Correct Ans-Kemalisim
3. After the German invasion of the USSR in July of 1941, Iran was invaded in August of that
year by the Soviets and the ________ in an attempt to keep a supply corridor open to the Soviet
Union. Correct Ans-British
4. Reza Shah's program of _________, like Ataturk's, imposed the outward symbols of
Westernization on the population. Correct Ans-Secularism
1. How did secularism in Ataturk's Turkey affect official institutions and religious practices
alike? Correct Ans-Institutions:
- office of shaykh al-islam abolished
,- religious schools closed
- ministry of religious endowment eliminated
- abolish the mejelle and the sharia (swiss civil code adapted in their place/ penal commercial
codes on Italian and german examples)
Religious practice:
- sufi order dissolved and worship tombs and shrines prohibited
-The fez considered a criminal offense (to Ataturk the fez symbolized a tie to the ottoman past
that he wanted to abolish)
- Translation of Quran from Arabic to Turkish
-Mandatory call of prayer in Turkish
2. Compare and contrast the reform efforts of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Reza Shah Correct
Ans-Mustfa Kemal
- women got the right to vote
- head veil was not banned by law but encouraged not to wear
- abolish caliphate
- office of shaykh al-islam abolished
- religious schools closed
,- ministry of religious endowment eliminated
- abolish the mejelle and the sharia ( swiss civil code adapted in their place/ penal commercial
codes on Italian and german examples)
- sufi order dissolved and worship tombs and shrines prohibited
- The fez considered a criminal offense ( to Ataturk the fez symbolized a tie to the ottoman past
that he wanted to abolish)
- Translation of Quran from Arabic to Turkish
- Mandatory call of prayer in Turkish
- Both took measures that emphasized indigenous Turkish and Persian, respectively, over
external linguistic influences such as Arabic
- Both made claims of the historic dominance of their ethno-linguistic cultures, since the time of
ancient civilizations
- Ethno-linguistic minority groups were officially discouraged from professing distinct identities
Reza Shah
- legislation did not granting women the right to vote
- banned the head veil- government employees were encouraged to come to official reception
with their unveiled wives
- secularism center component of reza shah
, - majilis voted to adopt new civil code modeled on france with shariah in law matter even though
it is ignored not implemented
- attacked finical independence of religious establishment
- Law that require men to dress in European manner
- Wearing of hat compulsory
- Religious schools were not abolished
- Increase in revenue generated from (raising tarrif on imported goods, indirect taxes)
- Strengthened power of large landowners
-Both took measures that emphasized indigenous Turkish and Persian, respectively, over external
linguistic influences such as Arabic
- Both made claims of the historic dominance of their et
The leader that embodied progressive reformism and a new Arab order in the 1950s and 1960s
was _____________.
A) al-Nahhas Pasha
B) Gamal Abd al-Nasser
100% Solved
1. In 1921, ____________ assumed full command of the military operations carried out by the
local Turkish resistance groups. Correct Ans-Mustafa Kemal
2. The doctrine known as _________ was built on the foundation of six principles—reformism,
republicanism, secularism, nationalism, populism, and etatism. Correct Ans-Kemalisim
3. After the German invasion of the USSR in July of 1941, Iran was invaded in August of that
year by the Soviets and the ________ in an attempt to keep a supply corridor open to the Soviet
Union. Correct Ans-British
4. Reza Shah's program of _________, like Ataturk's, imposed the outward symbols of
Westernization on the population. Correct Ans-Secularism
1. How did secularism in Ataturk's Turkey affect official institutions and religious practices
alike? Correct Ans-Institutions:
- office of shaykh al-islam abolished
,- religious schools closed
- ministry of religious endowment eliminated
- abolish the mejelle and the sharia (swiss civil code adapted in their place/ penal commercial
codes on Italian and german examples)
Religious practice:
- sufi order dissolved and worship tombs and shrines prohibited
-The fez considered a criminal offense (to Ataturk the fez symbolized a tie to the ottoman past
that he wanted to abolish)
- Translation of Quran from Arabic to Turkish
-Mandatory call of prayer in Turkish
2. Compare and contrast the reform efforts of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Reza Shah Correct
Ans-Mustfa Kemal
- women got the right to vote
- head veil was not banned by law but encouraged not to wear
- abolish caliphate
- office of shaykh al-islam abolished
- religious schools closed
,- ministry of religious endowment eliminated
- abolish the mejelle and the sharia ( swiss civil code adapted in their place/ penal commercial
codes on Italian and german examples)
- sufi order dissolved and worship tombs and shrines prohibited
- The fez considered a criminal offense ( to Ataturk the fez symbolized a tie to the ottoman past
that he wanted to abolish)
- Translation of Quran from Arabic to Turkish
- Mandatory call of prayer in Turkish
- Both took measures that emphasized indigenous Turkish and Persian, respectively, over
external linguistic influences such as Arabic
- Both made claims of the historic dominance of their ethno-linguistic cultures, since the time of
ancient civilizations
- Ethno-linguistic minority groups were officially discouraged from professing distinct identities
Reza Shah
- legislation did not granting women the right to vote
- banned the head veil- government employees were encouraged to come to official reception
with their unveiled wives
- secularism center component of reza shah
, - majilis voted to adopt new civil code modeled on france with shariah in law matter even though
it is ignored not implemented
- attacked finical independence of religious establishment
- Law that require men to dress in European manner
- Wearing of hat compulsory
- Religious schools were not abolished
- Increase in revenue generated from (raising tarrif on imported goods, indirect taxes)
- Strengthened power of large landowners
-Both took measures that emphasized indigenous Turkish and Persian, respectively, over external
linguistic influences such as Arabic
- Both made claims of the historic dominance of their et
The leader that embodied progressive reformism and a new Arab order in the 1950s and 1960s
was _____________.
A) al-Nahhas Pasha
B) Gamal Abd al-Nasser
